UDK: 378.018.43:656

Gennady Yu. Leshchov - Candidate of Economic Sciences, Russian University of Transport

Svetlana V. Borisova - Candidate of Law, docent, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper deals with the study of self-regulation as a kind of legal regulation in transport education and its organizational forms in the form of self-regulatory organizations established to provide an additional mechanism for monitoring the activities of business entities in this area. There has been proposed a new form of self-regulation in the field of transport education based on the extended and mixed nature of the subject composition of participation. The authors have formulated specific proposals for changing the norms of the legislation on self-regulatory organizations and on education.

UDK: 316:378.937

Elena L. Fedorova - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current work is a sociological study of an important scientific problem of professional motivation of students, who receive higher education in the Moscow and regional transport universities. The first-year students studying at the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)) and the first-year students studying at the Rostov State Transport University (RSTU) participated in the study. The paper has presented the questionnaire, the answers to the questions of which formed the basis of the current study. The paper has considered the close correlation between motivation of students and their employment after graduation. The study has demonstrated that in the first year of study it is possible to identify students who will not work in the chosen specialty in future. The teaching staff’s efforts to motivate students in the profession could reduce the proportion of those who do not plan to work in the field chosen for training.

UDK: 351.811.122:629

Evgeny A. Nesterov - Candidate of Law, head of the Law Institute, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. Currently, 70% of drivers’ training organizations are commercial, striving, first of all, for obtaining profit, i.e. to train a student and send him to the state exam in the traffic police as soon as possible. In such a situation, it is no use to talk about the quality and attentive attitude to the problems of drivers’ training. The 2013 driver training reforms not only failed to fully clarify and fill the gaps in the current legislation, but gave rise to new questions that have not yet been answered. According to the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia issued on February 20, 2021 No. 80, there were approved the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services for conducting exams for driving licenses. The new rules are a compilation of the best foreign experience that could be applied in Russian conditions. What changes have been made to the rules for passing the exam on a driving license? There is a hope that the toughening of the rules will have a positive impact on the quality of students’ knowledge. In this case, drivers’ training schools will not only have to train for the correct answers, but also ensure a thorough study of the curriculum for future drivers, and its implementation will be checked at an internal exam.

UDK: 338.24:378

Anna Al. Chebotareva - Doctor of Law, docent, head of the department ‘Administrative Law, Ecological Law, Information Law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Yana P. Romanova - specialist of staff management of the Main computing center of JSCo “RZD”

Abstract. The current paper has considered the issues related to the impact of digitalization on the needs for training technical specialists, lawyers, human resource specialists, economists in the context of digital transformation. For the transport industry, the issue of training qualified staff in this area is currently of great relevance. The authors have presented the approaches that are at the core of the modern training of qualified staff, taking into account the development of information and telecommunication technologies and the transition to an automated process in many areas of public life. The changes taking place have determined the revision of the specialists’ training, since, taking into account these processes, it is necessary to form new competencies and skills.

UDK: 347.463:621.56.8

Nataliya V. Kuzina - leading researcher of the FSBES the Security Problems Studies Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, nvkuzina@mail.ru

Abstract. Despite the fact that it was in the field of transport almost a century ago that the method of training vehicle workers on simulators first appeared, in the context of the spread of methods of virtual reality and digitalization, there is still no clear legislative regulation, primarily in terms of the need to use the method of collective crew trainings using virtual and augmented reality technologies. The current paper has analyzed the causes of plane crashes (according to the Interstate Aviation Committee) arising as a result of inadequate interaction of aircraft crew members with automation and ground services, which often appear when the conditioned reflexes collide during an extreme situation. This also occurs as a result of retraining of specialists for the operation of other aircraft models, the lack of joint crew trainings on simulators. Indicative is the fact that in the documents of the Interstate Aviation Committee, as a rule, there is also data on the successful previous certification of the flight and ground personnel, whose actions caused the accident. In the context of a shortage of personnel in private and regional airlines, unfortunately, it is necessary to state the fact that obtaining documents confirming the competence of pilots is usually a result of the corruption schemes. It is necessary to legislatively consolidate for transport workers’ training the necessity of team training methods using virtual reality (VR), which will bring the work of the team as close as possible to various extreme situations, allow them to ‘feather in’, and also prevent corruption in assessing competencies and obtaining admission to transport activities (in particular, permission to fly).

UDK: 378.046.4:656.62.08

Gennady Yu. Leshchov - Candidate of Economic Sciences, deputy director on innovations of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has presented the analysis of the modern training system of specialists in the field of rail and road transport safety. The author has identified the main factors that negatively affect the implementation of educational programs for training specialists in the area under consideration. The paper has considered the necessity to develop standard basic vocational training programs in order to establish a single basic level of competence for railway workers directly related to train driving and maneuvers. There has been expressed a negative attitude towards the subject composition of economic entities that are training drivers of vehicles (driving schools), the content of programs for vocational training of drivers of vehicles of the corresponding categories and subcategories, etc. Also, there has been suggested to create a self-regulatory organization in order to ensure the efficiency and quality of training for persons who drive vehicles, uniting organizations that carry out relevant educational activities, etc.

UDK: 378:339.5(075.8)

Anatoliy M. Skrynnik - Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent, associate professor of the department of procedural law of the law faculty of the South Russian Institute of Management — branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), member of the Association of International Maritime Law

Abstract. The current paper has provided a brief excursion into the historical domain of the system of training and retraining of highly qualified staff in the field of state management of maritime economic activities in the USSR and the Russian Federation. There has been shown the role of the Academy of Water Transport, which trained personnel for the sea and river transport of the USSR in 1935―1941, and the Academy of the Navy, which trained senior staff for the sea transport of the USSR in 1946―1956. There has been considered the main activity of the faculties (later renamed to institutes) of advanced training of executives and specialists of the Ministry of the Navy at the Leningrad Higher Marine Engineering School named after S.O. Makarov and the Odessa Institute of Navy Engineers. There has been noted that since 1978, senior management staff for sea transport has been trained at the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (currently Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)). There has been suggested a scientifically grounded proposal that at present, senior management personnel for sea transport and maritime economic activities in general should be trained at the Russian University of Transport and State Maritime Universities.

UDK: 378.6

Aleksandr Ig. Zemlin - Doctor of Law, professor, head of the department ‘Transport Law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, supervisor of the direction ‘Transport security’ of the Scientific-Advisory Section of the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAS CSS RAS), honored scientist of the Russian Federation

Abstract. The current paper has been prepared according to the results of the topic “Problems of increasing work efficiency on the formation and improvement of anti-corruption competencies of participants in the training for a driving license, as well as officials responsible for ensuring traffic safety”, reported by the author at a plenary session of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Directions for improving the system of continuing professional education for driving school teachers and practical training instructors”, which took place on September 8, 2021 at the discussion platform of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)). The paper has taken into account the results of the section work “Organizational and legal foundations and educational conditions for creating a system of continuous professional training for teachers and instructors of practical training in driving schools, other participants in the teaching for a driving license”, organized by the department ‘Transport Law’ of the Law Institute RUT (MIIT) and direction ‘Transport security’ of the Scientific-Advisory Section of the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The paper has presented the results of a systemic and legal analysis of the provisions and implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2018―2020 (approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 29, 2018 No. 378) in comparison with problematic issues that have not been resolved, as well as the tasks set in the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021―2024 (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 16, 2021 No. 478) in terms of the formation and improvement of anti-corruption competencies of officials endowed with corruption-dangerous powers. The subjects of scientific research, carried out on the basis of the application of the formal dogmatic method of legal research, are the norms of the current anti-corruption and educational legislation in order to identify promising areas for the participation of representatives of the scientific school “Transport Law” in the work on scientific support and organization of the educational process with the participants of transport legal relations. Based on the use of the methodology of systemic and legal analysis, the authors have studied the relations arising when implementing the tasks set to combat corruption in the Russian Federation, the experience of anti-corruption education. Based on the results of the study, there have been formulated conclusions on the feasibility and necessity to improve legal anti-corruption education, as well as certain promising areas of combating corruption in organizations participating in the training for a driving license. According to this there have been substantiated the proposals for further optimization of the system of measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of educational activities in order to form and improve anti-corruption competencies among participants in training for a driving license, as well as officials responsible for ensuring road safety.

UDK: 34:656

Aleksandr Ig. Zemlin - Doctor of Law, professor, head of the department “Transport Law” of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, supervisor of the direction “Transport security” of the Scientific-Advisory Section of the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAS CSS RAS)

Abstract. Based on the experience of the staff of the department “Transport Law” of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, the current paper has considered urgent issues of the formation and improvement of the legal culture of a transport specialist in the context of implementation of the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020 No. 474. Based on the application of the methods of formal dogmatic and systemic legal analysis, there have been made the conclusions that it is necessary to improve the efficiency of legal training and education of transport specialists. In this context, there have been identified the following legally significant competencies necessary for transport specialists to fulfill their professional duties: the formation of an anti-corruption legal culture; mastering of a complex of legal knowledge that meets the requirements to do their duties in the conditions of the reform of control and supervision activities; the formation of a system of continuous legal education within the framework of professional development in relation to civil servants; the formation of vocational education (training) of transport employees. Based on the results of the application of the methods of formal-legal and formal-logical study, there have been presented the conclusions regarding the necessity to take urgent measures to unify the terminology and mechanisms of legal education of transport specialists. The implementation of the proposals formulated in the current paper will provide an appropriate consistency degree to form legal competencies of both general cultural and professional nature among transport specialists, which are necessary for future transport specialists in their subsequent activities in modern conditions.

UDK: 378:656(082)

Evgeniy Al. Nesterov - Candidate of Law, head of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The legal component is one of the basic components of each type of socially significant activity, each sector of the economy, each complex of infrastructure. Legal norms are key resources for ensuring state development in all strategically important areas, including transport. In the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2008 No. 1734-r), one of the priority problems is “improvement of the regulatory framework to develop transport system and transport services’ market, including the development of regulatory and legal framework governing the improvement of transport services’ quality; ensuring the mobilization training of transport organizations and their fulfillment of military transport duties; ensuring the development of public-private partnership mechanisms that provide for a clear legislative distribution of rights, responsibilities and risks between the state and the investor, as well as defining the priority areas for application of these mechanisms in the field of transport”. In the Concept of transport personnel training until 2035 (approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 6, 2021 No. 255-r), the training of personnel for legal transport activities was included among the key tasks of the transport education development, and transport law was included in the list of issues that will take an important place in the educational and scientific agenda of transport educational organizations. A significant role has been assigned to transport and legal issues in the Development Program of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian University of Transport” until 2030 (approved by the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation and signed by the rector of the Russian University of Transport in 2017). In addition to training specialists in law and law enforcement practices of various modes of transport, this Program has provided for establishing a systematic scholar school in the field of transport law; introducing the issues of legal support of international transport, multimodal interaction, the law of international transport organizations, technical regulations; ensuring the transport safety of the population.