UDK: 342.92

Olga N. Ordina - Candidate of Law, associate professor of the department 'Economic Theory and Management' of the Russian University of Transport, associate professor of the department ‘Theory and History of State and Law’ of the Moscow S.U. Witte University

Abstract. In order to identify the legal nature, the current paper has presented the analysis of the most significant sources of transport law in foreign countries, which are regulatory legal acts issued (adopted) by the executive authorities in the manner of delegating part of their powers by the legislative authorities and having the power of law. In order to implement delegated legislation, the Parliament must issue a special act that grants delegated powers to the administration. The delegated legislation may even contain constitutional norms. The paper has also analyzed in detail the acts of delegated transport legislation in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system. The author has noted that there are used such norms in foreign literature to denote the concept of delegated legislation as ‘government legislation’, ‘administrative legislation’, ‘presidential legislation’, ‘legislation of executive branch’, ‘decree law’, etc. Delegated legislation as an independent institution was formed and formalized at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The reasons for the emergence of this phenomenon were both the growing necessity of administrative and legal regulation of foreign countries, and the concentration of all state power in the hands of the executive authorities and the public administration subordinated to it. The author believes that the experience of Western countries in making delegated legislation regulating the field of transport activities is of great relevance for modern Russia.

UDK: 341.9:347.463

Olga N. Skuybedina - Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, associate professor of the department ‘Methodology of law and legal communication’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Olga V. Kobzeva - Candidate of Philological Sciences, associate professor of the department ‘Methodology of law and legal communication’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Anastasiya E. Sobalevskaya - assistant of the President of the Association of manufactures and exporters of domestic sports goods and equipment (AMEDSGE)

Abstract. The current paper has presented the analysis of the formation of legal regulation of public relations that emerged in the field of transport. The paper has considered the gradual development of these transport relations from the period of Ancient Russia to the present day. There were identified the reasons for the formation of Russian transport law, as a set of norms of different branches of law, regulating a wide range of activities of different types of transport. On the example of English and French law and its comparison with the practice of domestic legal regulation of transport relations, there has been drawn a parallel between these processes and there has been established a number of common features.

UDK: 349.3:368

Vitaliy An. Maltsev - Candidate of Law, docent, head of the department of administrative, financial and international law of the Academy of Labour and Social Relations

Abstract. The current paper has examined the legal aspects of vehicle insurance and civil liability of their owners in the countries of the African continent. There has been established a significant development of transport insurance in many African countries, caused not only by economic growth, the expansion of foreign trade relations, the construction of new highways, an increase in railway communications, but also by the problems existing in the operation of vehicles. There have been indicated features of the system of legal regulation of insurance in the African countries, including both general interstate and regional agreements. There has been given characteristics of the main international agreements in the field of insurance on the African continent. The paper has also examined the basic principles of insurance enshrined in them, including those concerning vehicle insurance and compulsory civil liability insurance of their owners. There have been analyzed certain provisions of the Code of insurance activity, which is valid as an appendix to an international agreement, where there are written the general requirements for the insurance organization, the main directions of the development of insurance and measures of responsibility for violations of its provisions. There have been studied the norms of national acts of a number of African states regulating the types of transport insurance and the peculiarities of legal relations arising in the implementation of voluntary and compulsory vehicle insurance, as well as compulsory insurance of civil liability of their owners. There have been determined general features of the legislation in relation to these types of insurance, as well as specific features for individual African countries. There have been briefly analyzed legal norms establishing responsibility for violations of insurance legislation. There has been given characteristics of the structure and state of national markets for the specified types of insurance. There have been considered some general problems that exist in the legal regulation of transport insurance in the African countries.

UDK: 342.92

Olga N. Ordina - Candidate of Law, associate professor of the department 'Economic Theory and Management' of the Russian University of Transport, associate professor of the department ‘Theory and History of State and Law’ of the Moscow S.U. Witte University

Abstract. The current paper has considered the issues of public administration of the transport in foreign countries, which is carried out by public administration bodies. The paper has analyzed the system of public administration bodies in the USA, Great Britain, Germany and France, which regulate transport activities. The analysis of foreign experience of public administration of transport is relevant for Russia due to the formation of an extensive system of public administration bodies in this country. The public administration has been considered by the author not only as an organization, but also as the activities of bodies and institutions which were established to implement laws and were endowed with administrative and public powers. Public administration in the countries is a complex mechanism consisting of a centralized public administration, a functional decentralized administration, and local government bodies. The main principles of organization and activity of public administration in foreign countries are as follows: centralization (when the system of administrative bodies has been built on a hierarchical principle) and decentralization (when part of the functions of public administration has been transferred to the local administration); concentration (when power has been concentrated in one body, and other management structures could not make decisions against its will) and deconcentration (when power has been dispersed among bodies in such a way that the executive body transfered part of the power, while retaining full responsibility); unity and indivisibility of public administration; legality; efficiency. The author of the paper has concluded that the experience of Western countries in public administration of transport activities is relevant for nowaday Russia.

UDK: 811

Olga V. Kobzeva - Candidate of Philological Sciences, associate professor of the the department ‘Methodology of law and legal communication’of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Olga N. Skuybedina - Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, associate professor of the the department ‘Methodology of law and legal communication’of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. There has been conducted the thorough analysis of the French law system from the points of continental law. The current paper has presented a comparative analysis of the main components of the legal community. There have been revealed the sociolinguistic and cultural-semiotic features of the history of French and Russian law, and determined the formation stages of the language of law in both cultures. There has been also shown an originality of the legal conceptual apparatus of the national French law. The authors of the current paper have considered the role and significance of this legal system through the prism of the “normative pole” of Romano-Germanic law.

UDK: 348.3

Yury V. Kosolapov - Candidate of Chemical Sciences, associate professor of the department ‘Customs law and organization of the customs affairs’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Anna Al. Sivova - Candidate of Philological Sciences, head of the department for the study of domestic and foreign experience, history of the penitentiary system, comparative analysis of the penitentiary law of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the problem of the transportation of convicted persons and persons taken into custody in foreign countries, based on the requirements of international regulations, national legislation in the field of escorting this category of people, as well as on penitentiary practice in the United States, Great Britain and Switzerland. There has been consistently proved that the modification and technical characteristics of any type of specific transport for escorting offenders must meet its purpose due to the principles of humanity with respect to those accompanied and traffic safety.

UDK: 338

Nikita Iv. Tyulenev - leading legal counsel of the Kaliningrad railways, a branch of the JSCo “RZD”, Master's degree in Law

Abstract. In the conditions of a modern mobile and rapidly developing market, the industrial, processing, and trading enterprises need operational logistics support for their activities. Nowadays railway transport plays an important role in freight market formation, which ensures its stable participation in the transport system of any country. In the Russian Federation, railway transport operates on a partially competitive basis, i.e. partial privatization with a large share of state capital, both from the financing of the industry, and in performing administrative functions. In turn, the railway transport sector in the European Union is mostly represented by private carriers, logistics operators, and the state-owned company is the owner of the transport infrastructure. The developing strategies and programs for railway transport in Russia suggest the formation of a competitive freight market based on the principles of separating transportation services from railway infrastructure services. Taking into consideration the efficiency of the system in European countries, the current paper has analyzed the current legal regulation of the interaction of the carrier and the owner of the infrastructure in Russia and Poland, as a member country of the European Union, where there is a railway freight market with high rates of competition among its members.

UDK: 341.9:347.965

Ivan V. Kholikov - Doctor of Law, professor, professor of the department of state-juridical disciplines of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, deputy supervisor of the direction ‘Transport security’ of the Scientific-Advisory Section of the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAS CSS RAS)

Aleksandr Ig. Zemlin - Doctor of law, professor, head of the department ‘Transport Law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, supervisor of the direction ‘Transport security’ of the Scientific-Advisory Section of the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. The current paper has examined the present state and main tendencies in the development of the criminal legislation of the PR China after the adoption of the Criminal Code in 1979, due to the political and economic changes. Taking into account the significant formal and dogmatic shortcomings identified in the process of law enforcement there has been a great necessity to make significant amendments through the adoption of numerous regulatory legal acts in the field of criminal law. This circumstance undoubtedly introduced a certain dissonance into the entire system of this legal branch. In order to form a unified and holistic view of the current Criminal Code, there has been conducted an analysis of the individual amendments which are the most important for the regulation of transport relations adopted in recent years. The current paper has also provided an overview of the current criminal law practice in China, has presented some crime statistics, discussed the tendencies specific to the criminal regulation of transport activities. At the same time, the authors have emphasized the attention paid by the Criminal law of China to the issues of enforcing the transport infrastructure security, both from the point of view of economic development, and ensuring geopolitical stability and security of the state. Indeed, for China, transport is the most important component of the country's economy, as well as the infrastructure component and the basis for the development of all other types of economy. In this regard, there has been emphasized that the specifics of China’s positive criminal law in the field of liability for crimes against transport security is that the legal provisions providing for the corresponding criminal sanction for offenses, in particular, in non-compliance with the established procedure for the functioning of the elements of the transport complex were formulated by simple dispositions and at the same time they had a minimum number of qualifying features. There has been noted that the specifics of the positive law of China in the field of criminal liability for violation of traffic rules, on the contrary, is the legalization of an impressive array of qualifying features. The abovementioned has allowed the authors to conclude about the necessity for constructive cooperation between legal scholars of the two states. The authors of the paper consider that the study of the problems of counteracting certain types of modern crime is an important area of scientific cooperation. No less significant is the interaction of the leading transport universities in Russia and China, which train lawyers in transport, as part of joint projects to study the experience of teaching legal disciplines, exchange students for various programs, including postgraduate programs, as well as networking.

UDK: 340(410)(075.8)

Anna K. Zharova - Candidate of Law, docent, senior researcher of the department of Information Law and International Information Security of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. The problem of ensuring the information security of genetic information is relevant, since every year the volume of research conducted in the field of genetics is constantly increasing in the world, and accordingly, the amount of data that can be used to identify a person is growing. In most developed countries, the legal system is aimed at ensuring the safety of the collection, research and further use of the obtained genetic information. The paper analyzes the UK legal system, which is very scrupulous in civil law regulation of relations in the field of genetic engineering, in contrast to the Russian Federation.

UDK: 368.1

Vitaliy An. Maltsev - Candidate of Law, docent, head of the department of administrative, financial and international law of the Academy of Labour and Social Relations

Abstract. The current paper has studied the characteristics of legal regulation of a vehicle insurance and a liability insurance of their owners in Brazil. There has been shown a process of insurance legislation formation in this area. There have been analyzed the provisions of legislative and other regulatory legal acts governing the objects, conditions and rules of transport insurance. There have been established the specific features of insurance legislation, which are clearly manifested in the field of transport insurance. There have been considered the issues of state regulation and control in the field of a vehicle insurance, as well as changes recently occurred in this area. There have been determined the features of the Brazilian insurance market, where transport insurance occupies one of the main places. There has been given a characteristic of the national private insurance system, which has become one of the priority areas in the insurance sector. There have been disclosed functions and powers of special bodies of supervision and regulation of the insurance market. It has been concluded that the system of legal regulation and control in the insurance industry in Brazil includes a combination of public and private management. Due to the fact that a vehicle insurance and a civil liability insurance of their owners is not a special type, but referred to as general insurance, the current paper has highlighted their features and specifics of their legal relations. There have been studied basic legal aspects of compulsory civil liability insurance of vehicle owners. In this case, there have been indicated the features in the procedure for the singing of an insurance agreement, its conditions, as well as the current rules of this type of insurance. There have been noted the significant differences in distribution of insurance premiums and compensation for damage occurred in the framework of insured events. There has been considered the procedure for insurance premiums and the documents required for getting insurance money paid. There have been indicated the features of liability measures applied both for insurance companies, and for their leaders for violations of insurance rules. There has been made a comparison of the provisions of Brazilian insurance legislation with the norms of Russian legislation governing transport insurance.