UDK: 656(09)

Yuriy A. Tarasenko - Candidate of Law, senior lecturer of the department of civil law, international private law and civil procedure, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The contract of sea (river) freight transportation is closely related to the development of trade. Russia (Rus’) was originally formed as a land power state, which had very limited access to the sea. As a result, such an important instrument of trade as maritime transport was legally formed only at the end of the XVIII century, and was associated with the adoption of the Merchant Shipping Charter of 1781. Sea transportation was carried out on the basis of the contract. However, the legal regulation of this agreement in the Charter was extremely inconsistent and unclear. In Russia of that period, there were a few legal institutions necessary for the practical implementation of activities for the commercial freight transportation by sea. Sea transportation is a complex set of legal and actual actions that require regulations. The article has made an attempt to analyze the legal relations arising from the conclusion of the contract of freight transportation by sea and find out its features.

UDK: 656.2

Viktoriya V. Zakharova - Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor of the department of theory of law, history of law and international law, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. Railway construction in key areas has always been of particular importance and could easily become a system-forming factor for the further development of the region. The role of the most important highways is difficult to overestimate, because they influenced on natural environment, technical progress, development of engineering thought, social transformation, international trade, city formation, socio-cultural processes, changes in the labor market, political processes at the regional and global levels. That is why the study of the complex, system-forming effect of railway construction on other areas of society’s life remains relevant today [1, p. 66-72]. The article deals with the complex impact of railway construction on all spheres of social development, analyzes the influence of geopolitical interests on the railway development in the conditions of the global economy in the XIX — XX centuries, discusses the conditions for the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CERW) and the problems arose before its designers and builders.

UDK: 94(47):656.2

Yury Iv. Petrov - Candidate of History, docent, associate professor of the department ‘Customs Law and Organization of the Customs Affairs’, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The article provides an analysis of the works of scholars and public figures of the late XIX-th - early XX-th centuries, who investigated various aspects of the railway business. The authors consider the issues that were acute in the transport industry at the period of their direct practical activity when there was active railway construction and operation. These works are still relevant nowadays and, of course, are of great scientific interest. The work of A. A. Golovachov, considered in the article, does not contain an analysis of the railway legislation, but his critical assessment of government activity in this area influenced on the formation of the legal framework of the railway business. The work of S. Yu. Vitte made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of tariffs, and then its practical implementation. In his work he managed not only to show the importance of the tariffs for the state, but also to convincingly prove this. The work of I. M. Rabinovich gave a critical analysis of the General Statute of the railways. It provided a systematization, criticism and legal explanation of the conditions of transportation and tariff rules on the Russian railways. In his three-volume work based on the study of numerous archival documents N. A. Kislinsky was able to show the role of the Committee of Ministers as an executor of the state railway policy.

UDK: 347.463:94(47)

Tarasenko Yuriy A. - candidate of Law, senior lecturer of the department "Civil law, International private law and Civil procedure", Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. Until the beginning of the XVIII century, the problems connected with carriage of goods were solved by the customary law, or were fragmentary mentioned in some treaties of North-West Russia with the Hanseatic League. Naval Charter (the Charter of single-stickers) adopted in 1720 began nationwide legal regulation of the activities of sea-carriers and traders-owners of cargo. It was the first time when the rights and obligations of the parties were determined, the issues of distribution of responsibility for cargo loss or damage during transportation were regulated. The paper attempts to provide legal qualification of the contract between the carrier and the owner of the goods, to determine its essential conditions. The conducted analysis of the Charter provisions allows us to conclude that the matter of the agreement was not only cargo shipping. The treaty was of a mixed character; the duty of the carrier was not only to carry out the transportation, but also to load the goods. But the most important thing is that since the introduction of the Naval Charter (Charter of single-stickers) Russia has made a transition to the carriers’ professional responsibility in carrying out their cargo shipping activities.

UDK: 656(091):94(47)

Petrov Yury Iv. - candidate of History, docent, associate professor of the department "Customs Law and Organization of the Customs Affairs", Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The article considers the legal aspects, adopted during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, the aim of which was to improve land roads in Russia. The analysis of few decrees shows the governmental efforts to build roads, to improve local and general management in this field, to take care of merchants and people, involved into road building.

UDK: 656.62:94(47)

Petrov Yu. - candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, professor of «The customs law and customs affairs» of the Law institute of Russian university of transport

Abstract. The article deals with the measures of the government in the post-Peter I era aimed at the development of waterways and shipping facilities. The efforts made by the government to update the shipping fleet and maintain the system of canals and river ways of communication are shown.

UDK: 656(091)

Petrov Yu. - candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, professor of «The customs law and customs affairs» of the Law institute of Russian university of transport

Abstract. The article discusses the practical steps of Peter The great, aimed at the development of communication routes and transport legislation in the state. Particular attention is paid to the waterways, the development of which was carried out through the construction of canals, measures that contributed to the renewal of the commercial fleet of ships and the legal regulation of these processes.

Experience of legal support of the functioning of the transport system during the Great Patriotic War (Moscow, Law Institute of MIIT, November 29, 2017)

UDK 94.47

Matveeva A. - candidate of historical sciences, associate professor history and culturology, Moscow state automobile and road state technical University

Abstract. The Great Patriotic war is also a battle of economies, patterns of mobilization and organization industry, as well as the struggle of workers. The article discusses key issues related to mobilizing the Soviet people to repel the enemy. Debunk the myths about the state of logistics and the development of the Soviet economy of the war period.

Experience of legal support of the functioning of the transport system during the Great Patriotic War (Moscow, Law Institute of MIIT, November 29, 2017)

UDK 94.47

Kharlamova Yu. - doctor of political science, associate professor, professor of the department of transport law and administrative law of the Law Institute Russian University of transport

Abstract. The article analyzes the role of railway workers during the battle for the Caucasus and in the battle for Stalingrad. The importance of armored train teams on the most dangerous sectors of the front is assessed, events related to the construction of the Astrakhan-Elista-Kizlyar railway line, as well as reconstruction work on railway transport, are covered.

Experience of legal support of the functioning of the transport system during the Great Patriotic War (Moscow, Law Institute of MIIT, November 29, 2017)

UDK 347.463:94.47

Zemlin A. - doctor of legal sciences, professor, head of chair «Transport law and administrative law» Law Institute of the Russian University of transport, honored science worker of the Russian Federation

Abstract. In article on the basis of the analysis of scientific publications deals with the issues of legal regulation and organization of the TRANS-tailor activities during the great Patriotic War.