UDK: 343.346.56:656.08

Valery An. Novikov - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport

Valentina Iv. Shiyan - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. All world countries consider transport security enforcement as the priority area of their activity, since the effective operation of all modes of transport determines, first of all, the state of protection of national interests from external and internal threats, the progressive development of all spheres of public life. In this regard, it is essential to eliminate threats to transport security, one of which is an infringement of the functioning (movement and operation) of transport means, i.e. their hijacking, as well as seizure for the purpose of hijacking, especially when such acts involve violence, use of weapons or commitment of crimes of a terrorist nature. The current paper contains the results of the analysis of scientific material and materials of judicial practice and statistical indicators of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the period from 2017 to 2021 on the crimes envisaged by Art. 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which made it possible to determine their current state, dynamics and tendencies, legal nature, to identify the debatability of a number of provisions (in terms of a specific object and a subject of crime), to pay attention to urgent issues of qualification, a stage of the crime, the specifics of the subjective side. There has been emphasized the characteristics of qualifying traits associated with the use of violence, weapons or items used as weapons, associated with terrorist activity. The study of normative legal acts regulating social relations in the related areas of their application has led to the formulation of definitions related to the subject of the analyzed crime. According to the authors, the insignificant absolute values of the analyzed type of crime recorded by official statistics are primarily due to the efficiency of the activities of the subjects of combating transport crimes and do not reduce their public danger degree.

UDK: 343.3/.7

Olga R. Afanasieva - Doctor of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. In order to develop a scientifically based system for transport crime prevention, it is necessary to conduct research on certain types of crime at transport facilities and transport infrastructure. In this regard, it seems important, relevant, and timely to conduct a study on the stated issues, since in modern conditions transport acquires even greater strategic importance and is considered as one of the life-supporting sectors of the country's economy. Various types of crimes are committed at transport and transport infrastructure facilities, both ordinary, environmental, related to drug and weapon trafficking, and related to commercial fraud and corruption. Based on official statistics, the current paper has presented the structure of transport criminality in 2021, given a general description of the tendencies in the development of commercial fraud and corruption, as well as those related to drug trafficking both in Russia and in its federal districts. For each type of transport crime, there has been estimated its territorial spread by identifying the federal districts in which there was a significant increase or decrease in the analyzed types of crimes. In the paper, there has been focused on the dynamics of the development of bribery in transport, including certain types of its components, as well as crimes qualified under Art. 228 and 228.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, prevailing in the structure of crimes in the field of drug trafficking in transport. There have been drawn conclusions indicating that in order to form an effective criminal policy in the field of combating transport criminality, it is necessary to continue conducting additional study to monitor the state of transport crimes and the criminogenic factors that determine it.

UDK: 343.988

Pavel B. Afanasiev - Candidate of Law, Russian University of Transport

Georgy F. Koimshidi - Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor, NRI of the Ministry of Interior of the Russian

Abstract. The current paper has substantiated the allocation of transport crimes as one of the independent types of crime in Russia, the study of which is not only of theoretical, but also of practical interest. In order to understand the main tendencies of transport crime development, the authors have studied official statistics for the period from 2017 to 2021. Based on the study of statistical data, there has been noted a wavy dynamic in transport crime development and periods of its growth and decrease, indicating average value of the number of registered crimes. There has been also shown the dynamics of the number of persons identified for committing transport crimes, which in 2021 does not correspond to the all-Russian one and is characterized by a slight increase after a four-year decrease. Based on data characterizing the territorial distribution of transport criminality there have been identified the North Caucasian Federal District and the Central Federal District as the region with the highest rates of crime growth. In addition, the current paper has presented the study results of the structure of transport criminality in terms of severity and a crime severity index, calculated based on the average maximum possible term of sentence for a crime. Due to the analysis of the data, there has been drawn a conclusion that there were negative changes in the qualitative characteristics of transport criminality.

UDK: 343.148.63

Valery L. Popov - Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current development of transport can’t exist without its documentation support. In cases of their non-compliance with the established requirements, the transported cargo and goods can be confiscated, detained, or even simply lost. In addition, a transport document is not only logistics, but it is a wide range of all activities of the transport industry. Therefore, the document in the transport infrastructure is one of the important components of ensuring guaranteed and safe operation of transport. It often becomes not only an object, but also an instrument of a crime, which is confirmed by statistics for 2020. Therefore, one of the issues of ensuring guaranteed and safe operation of transport is a use of measures aimed at detecting and preventing forgery of transport documents. Even though most of the documents are being converted into e-format, which undoubtedly contributes to the solution of this problem, it will not be possible to eliminate the use of hard copies of documents soon. This concern can be solved only with the involvement of handwriting specialists being experienced in technical examination of documents. At the same time, the forgery of transport documents is mainly associated with the technical forgery of a signature, where there are several unresolved issues that nullify the process of handwriting expertise. In the current paper there have been proposed some ways to solve this concern.