UDK: 656.1

Ekaterina Iv. Kobzeva - Candidate of Law, associate professor of the department ‘Theory of law, history of law and international law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Mikhail V. Morgunov - assistant judge, judicial section of the magistrate No. 290 of the Perovo district

Aleksandr V. Romanov - lawyer of the Transport company "Byte Transit Continent"

Abstract. The purpose of the current paper was to consider topical issues related to the development of an accessible environment for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility. The paper has examined and analyzed statistics, regulations and changes in them, the pros and cons of government measures. The authors have revealed the relationship between the concepts of "a disabled person" and "a person with limited mobility". The consideration of problematic issues has not been limited only by theory or legislation. There have been also provided concrete examples of how to create an accessible environment in all its variety. There has been made a particular emphasis on the analysis of the results of the implementation of the "Accessible Environment" program, which is being implemented at all levels of government and administration. There has been analyzed suburban railway transport. There has been also considered foreign experience where the emphasis was made on the technological component. Taking into account all these aspects, the authors have set the task of developing effective measures to eliminate gaps and deficiencies in legislation, and the experience of other states should be borrowed taking into account local specifics.

UDK: 004:334.021:341.24:656

Aleksandra M. Lobanova - Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent, associate professor of the department ‘Informational technologies in jurisprudence and management documentation’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The digital transformation of economic sectors creates both completely new challenges and new requirements for existing practices and agreements, and this directly concerns transport and accompanying documents in the activities of Russian transport and logistics, such as invoices (bill of lading), certificates for international road freights and others. Taking into account the acute urgency of organizing cross-border electronic exchange of legally significant transport documents, the current paper has presented the analysis of the mechanism for ensuring the legal significance and power of a document in the cross-border exchange of paper documents, since it has already been formed and now works in cross-border international cooperation. The formed organizational and technological mechanisms, based on information and communication technologies, must maintain the same level of legal power and significance of an electronic document, which is already inherent in a paper document. The paper has systematized the organizational and technological mechanisms for the exchange of electronic transport and shipping documents, such as the unification of format requirements, including an international bill of lading, communication systems to support the exchange of electronic documents, electronic signature of documents, cross-border space of trust, inclusion in the mechanism of a trusted third party and the formation of infrastructure of trusted third parties, mechanisms for ensuring the interoperability of systems, the use of the capabilities of services of digital platforms. These mechanisms have various degrees of approximation to the level of ensuring the legal significance and strength of a paper document, as well as restrictions, and they operate either at the regional or at the narrow industry level. The presented study results made it possible to formulate the questions that should be answered to ensure the cross-border exchange of electronic documents of legal significance.

UDK: 656.078.12

Lyudmila M. Gruzdeva - Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor of the department ‘Informational technologies in jurisprudence and management documentation’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper deals with the practical aspects of the implementation of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of enforcing security of subjects and objects of critical information infrastructure. The author of the paper has focused on the necessity to meet the requirements for categorizing transport infrastructure elements, i.e. the allocation of significant objects by companies in accordance with the values of the indicator of the social criterion of significance. The paper has identified the prospects for bringing those to administrative responsibility responsible for non-compliance with the requirements of the legislation, including for violation of the terms of categorization. There have been presented the estimated amounts of fines for officials and legal entities. In order to illustrate the application of Art. 274.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, there has been provided statistics of registered crimes and cases sent to court with indictment.

UDK: 339.9:347.463

Aleksey V. Gubin - Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor of the department ‘Customs Law and Organization of the Customs Affairs’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has considered the concept of an intelligent checkpoint and its introduction in the form of developing promising models of checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation. There have been presented strategic directions and concepts in this area. The purpose of the paper was to analyze the results achieved in the development of promising models and identify further directions for their implementation both through the prism of the practice of the FCS of Russia and other state control bodies exercising control (supervision) at the customs checkpoints, and for conducting scientific research. It is obvious that the state of checkpoints is a constraining factor in the growth of foreign trade of goods. In this case, it is also necessary to take into account the development of the transit potential of the territory of the Russian Federation. There is no doubt that the promising models of checkpoints should incorporate all advanced customs and other technologies, e.g. the use of inspection systems and other modern technical means of customs control; devices for automatic video and photographic recording, including vehicle numbers; automated or automatic dispatching of the movement of vehicles across the checkpoint; use of electronic seals GLONASS. Such a large number of complex tools and technologies that will form large amounts of data, requires an effective control system, the core of which should be a unified database system. The fundamental point is the transition to a qualitatively new level of automation, based on “artificial intelligence”. In the future, unmanned vehicles must pass through checkpoints non-stop (in the absence of customs and other risks) with minimal human participation. There have been identified the future outlines of these models, since we are moving to a new stage in the development of international logistics in our country.

UDK: 347.463:637.032

Marina S. Maksina - post graduate of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has considered the problems of information-psychological protection of the individual in the conditions of preventing a spread of mass infectious diseases on transport. The paper has analyzed present approaches to the study of legal aspects of information security and psychological safety of an individual on transport. There has been emphasized that the current information technologies have a significant effect on the consciousness of people and their psyche. The introduction of immune, so-called ‘digital’ passports on transport has been considered as new challenges and threats in the context of a pandemic, which made the search for new ways to counteract information-psychological, destructive effects on an individual extremely relevant. Thus, in the process of widespread introduction of digital technologies on transport, the factor of information and psychological protection of an individual should be taken into account as one of the priorities. The solution of the organizational and legal problems to prevent a spread of mass infectious diseases on transport should be accompanied by establishing an effective mechanism in a difficult epidemiological situation to ensure safety of passengers and workers of the transport complex, including enforcement of information security. The introduction of health passports, immune passports, digital passports, a biometric face recognition system on various modes of transport, the use of technologies that help to observe the quarantine regime by citizens infected with coronavirus (e.g. geolocation control of mobile devices, tracking the movements of citizens using video cameras at transport infrastructure facilities, etc.) have predetermined even greater relevance of issues of legal support of information security and psychological safety of an individual.

UDK: 681.518.54

Tatiyana Al. Maksimova - post graduate of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), head of the department of judicial-contractual work of the Legal and Personnel Support Department of the Ministry of Transport and Road Infrastructure of the Moscow Region

Abstract. The current paper has presented a brief information on the development of the navigation system, regulatory legal acts governing navigation activities. There has been described the Regional Navigation and Information System of the Moscow Region, the purpose of its establishment, tasks, and the ability to use it to control the passenger traffic. There have been given the suggestions for improving the system and making changes to the regulations of the Russian Federation.

UDK: 340.11

Dmitriy V. Gribanov - Doctor of Law, associate professor of the department “Theory and History of State and Law” of the Ural State Law University (Ekaterinburg)

Kseniya Ev. Kovalenko - Candidate of Law, associate professor of the Law Institute of the Altay State University (Barnaul)

Nataliya Ev. Kovalenko - Master’s Degree student of the Law Institute of the Altay State University (Barnaul)

Dariya Al. Statsenko - Master’s Degree student of the Law Institute of the Altay State University (Barnaul)

Abstract. COVID-19 has given rise to a sharp increase in the number of government and intergovernmental legal acts, strategies, programs with different content and scope of regulation of public relations. Most countries have locked their borders, including restricting movement within their own countries. One third of the world's population has been subjected to some kind of social restrictions (from the closure of educational institutions to self-isolation). These political decisions exist at all levels of government. In the period of the coronavirus pandemic, when most of the relations have moved into the sphere of digitalization, during the period of self-isolation, the question of the introduction of information technologies has become relevant. The current paper has emphasized the importance of the digitalization for individuals and society, considered some of the changes taking place in public life related to digitalization. There has been given a concept of the sphere of digitalization; there have been considered the arguments on the introduction of robots into the sphere of jurisprudence, options for legal regulation of the status of machines with artificial intelligence, as well as the spread of unmanned vehicles. There have been analyzed the prospects and problems of introducing information technologies into the sphere of private law relations. It has been noted that in the context of digitalization of civil law relations, it is necessary to pay special attention to the protection of personal data. There have been made the conclusions that digitalization has a constant tendency to increase, therefore the issue of the law-making policy of the state in the field of information technologies is still relevant. Despite the identified problems, the problem of the legal status of artificial intelligence remains unsolved, that can be proved by the current changes of Russian legislation.

UDK: 347.463.4

Anna Al. Chebotareva - Doctor of Law, docent, head of the department ‘Administrative Law, Ecological Law, Information Law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Vladimir Ev. Chebotarev - Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent, associate professor of the department ‘Administrative Law, Ecological Law, Information Law’ of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has considered the problem of universities to be ranked internationally, taking into account the tools for assessing international recognition. There have been used such general scientific methods as dialectical method, methods of formal logic. Having analyzed the correlation between objective measures of international recognition of universities and other components of the university's involvement in the international academic community, the authors have formulated the main directions of the development of the publication activity of researchers of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, focused on the general (institutional) and disciplinary (special) "Shanghai" ranking of the world universities, i.e. Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), an international ranking of the "first echelon". At the same time, in the general target focused on the general consolidated measure of the international consistency of the university, the authors have identified possible directions for the development of objective indicators of international recognition of the university in the field of transport science and technologies.

UDK: 347.823.4

Tatiana An. Polyakova - Doctor of Law, professor, acting head of the sector of information law and international information security of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honorary lawyer of the Russian Federation

Aleksey Ig. Khimchenko - Candidate of Law, applicant of the sector of information law and international information security of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honorary lawyer of the Russian Federation

Abstract. The current paper has considered the legal issues connected with the increasing importance of the use of unmanned vehicle technology. There have been analyzed the features, trends and approaches to expand the application of these technologies. There has been made an analysis of the international practice of several countries being initiative to legislatively regulate relations arising with the participation of highly automated and unmanned vehicles and their operation. There has been studied the current Russian legislation, program documents and strategic planning documents in the field of legal regulation of unmanned transport technologies. The current paper has focused on the relevance of the issues of ensuring the confidentiality of personal data of drivers and users of vehicles, enforcing the information security of the information infrastructure of unmanned vehicles and the developing information systems, including the security of information about traffic users, and ensuring protection against cyber attacks. Based on the study results of regulatory trends and issues, as well as for solving the upcoming tasks in the development of unmanned transport technologies, there have been formed the recommendations on the issues of legal regulation of new unmanned transport technologies.

The study was financially supported by the Russian Federal Property Fund, research project 18029-16013.

UDK: 338.47

Alla V. Pavlova - Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor of the department of Customs Law and Organization of the Customs Affairs of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, alpav71@mail.ru

Abstract. The digitalization level of Russian railway transport and logistics is currently behind the world level. The reasons are largely economic, since customers consider most of the services that have car park management systems and telemetry systems of objects to be redundant, and are not ready to invest in them. The digitalization is hampered by the imperfection of regulatory structure, as well as by the lack of standards to integrate solutions from different manufacturers. Nevertheless, by 2025 in the Russian railways due to the introduction of digital technologies, it has been planned to reduce the share of operating costs for information systems to 5% per year. It is expected that improvement of the operating model of information technology will allow conducting «optimization» of 15% of IT staff and save up to 1.2 billion rubles on purchases. The current paper considers the results of digitalization in the freight railway industry of the Russian Federation, as well as the prospects for the application and development of digital technologies to optimize the costs of commercial structures and the state, increase competitiveness in the domestic and international markets.