UDK: 341.231:004

Mahmoud Ismail - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

Al Ali Naser Abdel Raheem - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Noor Saleh Ali Alzyoud - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Philadelphia University Amman, Jordan

Vladimir Ev. Chebotarev - Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT) Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The study discusses the legal challenges imposed by cyberspace on the concept of sovereignty in international and national law, focusing on two main issues: challenges associated with the concept of sovereignty and those related to its implementation. Cyberspace presents legal challenges to state sovereignty, as the openness of cyberspace contradicts the closed nature required by traditional sovereignty. Globalization exacerbates these challenges, as supranational governmental structures and societies seek to exploit cyberspace for economic and cultural purposes, increasing the conflict between sovereignty and cyberspace openness. Defining cyber sovereignty requires a balance between the concepts of sovereignty and cyberspace to maintain their identities and characteristics. A careful definition of cyber sovereignty contributes to understanding the actual ex-tent of state authority in controlling and regulating cyberspace and helps address the legal challenges faced by states in this context. The study concludes that cyber sovereignty is an application of sovereignty in the traditional sense, rather than a synonymous concept, and calls for international recognition of this new application and collaborative efforts to regulate it to address emerging challenges in cyberspace and ensure global security and stability.

UDK: 338

Maxim V. Lavrukhin - Member of the Expert Council of the State Duma Committee on Energy, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. National security is the basis of stability and sustainable development of any state, and in modern conditions it faces a number of new challenges and threats. The Murmansk region, as a strategically important region of Russia, which borders several countries, has unique features that determine its vulnerability to external and internal risks. Modern geopolitical tensions, climate change, and technological developments create new forms of threats that require comprehensive analysis and prompt decisions. Failure to promptly identify and neutralize threats can lead to destabilization of the situation both at the regional level and at the national level. In this regard, it is important not only to study existing threats, but also to develop practical recommendations for government agencies that enforce security. In these conditions, the relevance of the study of threats to national security in the Murmansk region is becoming especially important for ensuring stability and preserving the sovereignty of the state. The names of legal entities whose financial and economic activity have been analyzed are anonymized to exclude the possibility of causing reputational risks to such companies within the framework of the conducted research activities.

UDK: 342.5

Armen Ar. Asatryan - Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)

Abstract. Long-term strategic planning is a necessary link in national security enforcement of this country. Even though it is not possible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of how events in the sphere of national security will develop in the future, long-term forecasting based on trends allows preparing the country in a timely manner to overcome certain challenges and threats, and to build an appropriate state policy. Such forecasting can bring positive results provided that the relevant documents are updated periodically, which will allow for a timely estimation of certain challenges and threats in terms of their relevance, as well as the likelihood of their transition from the potential to the real category. Based on the forecasts, there have been developed long-term goals in enforcing national security. Thus, long-term planning becomes a key factor in enforcing national security.

UDK: 342.76

Sergey N. Yazykeev - judge of the Saratov Regional Court

Abstract. The current paper has presented the analysis of the specifics of restrictions on human rights and freedoms to enforce national security under martial law and during counter-terrorism operations. There has been noted that in conditions of martial law and counter-terrorism operations, personal, political, socio-economic, and even cultural constitutional human rights defined in the law are subject to restrictions. However, the implementation of some of them may be completely prohibited. There have been identified contradictions in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and proposed scientifically based recommendations for their elimination.

UDK: 347.9

David Ar. Melkonyan - Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. There have been considered some theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of licensing activities in general and in the field of transport security. There has been carried out an etymological analysis of the term “permitting activity”. There have been identified main forms of licensing activities carried out to ensure transport security, such as licensing, certification, accreditation, certification, and their legal characteristics. There have been shown some problematic issues in this area, formulated additional arguments in favor of the need to adopt a federal law on licensing activities in the Russian Federation.

UDK: 347.9

Maksim V. Lavrukhin - Tambov State University named after G. R. Derzhavin

Svetlana V. Vorobieva - Tambov State University named after G. R. Derzhavin

Abstract. Currently, sabotage and reconnaissance groups of unfriendly countries are planning and committing acts of illegal interference against critical infrastructure facilities and transport infrastructure facilities of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to recognize that currently the information reflected in restricted documents, which contain information about the anti-terrorism protection of critical infrastructure facilities, is publicly available. There have been many successful counterintelligence and counter-intelligence efforts undertaken by national security agencies to combat the aforementioned threats. At the same time, when analyzing regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of enforcing transport security, there can be seen problems that currently need to be quickly resolved. The current paper has discussed individual regulatory legal acts, which, according to the authors, should be amended and (or) supplemented. There has been also considered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the purpose of committing acts of illegal interference, including terrorist acts, as the most pressing modern threats to transport infrastructure facilities. The current study also contains several proposals aimed at increasing the efficiency of legal regulation of transport infrastructure facilities and specific measures to optimize the competence of responsible entities in this area.

UDK: 342.518

Sergey Iv. Girko - Doctor of Law, professor, main researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, honored scientist of the Russian Federation

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, main researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher of the All-Russian Research Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Artem V. Mazein - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Ural Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, senior researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. The changing external environment determines the growth of threats to transport infrastructure, and therefore today it is necessary to update the idea of the system of subjects of public administration in the field of transport security. The significance of such a study is in considering the constitutional principle of the unity of the system of public power, as well as in the context of the need for digital transformation of the state. With this approach, there can be established an expanded network system of public administration entities, which, in the context of digitalization, truly meets the principle of building a unified system of public authority. This is ensured by the possibility of digital interdepartmental interaction within the framework of a unified state information system for ensuring transport security. Current trends in digitalization allow the authors to suggest directions for the development of the area under consideration (for example, the introduction of the principle of proactivity for the certification of transport security forces).

UDK: 342.519

Sergey Iv. Girko - Doctor of Law, professor, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honored scientist of the Russian Federation

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. Based on the analysis of fundamental documents in the field of national security of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the current paper has stated that in more than 30% of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there have been formed the institutional foundations of public administration in the field of ensuring public safety, which predetermined the establishment of a special regional body, whose competence includes various issues in the field of ensuring public safety.

UDK: 342.3:323

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, Main researcher of RC 4, All-Russian research Institute of the MIA of Russia

Abstract. In the current paper the author has considered the threats and challenges to the national security of the Russian Federation, because of the current negative geopolitical situation in modern society, which are caused, first of all, by the special military operation carried out by the Russian Federation to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine. Also, a significant threat to the national security of Russia in the current conditions of social tension is a cognitive threat based on the use of “vulnerabilities of the human brain” and having a synergistic effect in combination with the man-made pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. An equally significant threat to the security of modern Russia is the ethnic component, which has now been transformed from a security challenge into a more capacious concept, namely migration security.

UDK: 327

Maxim V. Lavrukhin - Joint Stock Company “Arktikmorneftegazrazvedka”

Abstract. In the current geopolitical conditions, enforcement of the national security of the Russian Federation is a priority issue. A lot of efforts are being made to implement it. After the start of a special military operation in Ukraine, transport security enforcement has become an important issue, since it is most convenient to make a terrorist act in order to intimidate the population, escalate panic, and activate the anti-war movement in transport. Currently, special services employees properly provide the necessary security. In order to enforce transport security in the south of Russia, there was canceled a communication at a number of large airports that are located near Ukrainian borders. In the current paper, the author has tried to scientifically analyze and critically comprehend transport security as an element of Russia’s national security.