Статьи номера | Issue №53

Articles of the journal issue №1 (53) (1st quarter of 2025)

All articles in PDF

Elena An. Drozdova. Determinants of transport crimes and preventive measures

UDK: 343.97

Elena An. Drozdova - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented a comprehensive analysis of the set of factors (socioeconomic, technical, psychological and organizational) that determine the nature and scale of crimes in the transport sector. There has been considered a wide range of issues related to the security of transport infrastructure, from identifying the main causes of offenses and to assessing their consequences for public order. Particular attention has been paid to both theoretical aspects of transport security and practical measures aimed at preventing crimes in this area. At the same time, there has been emphasized a necessity to improve legal regulation, including increasing liability for acts committed in transport. There has been highlighted the importance of modern technologies for minimizing the risks associated with criminal manifestations in the transport sector. The implementation of intelligent transport systems, including video surveillance, automatic recognition of vehicle numbers and faces, as well as platforms for monitoring the traffic situation in real time have been given as examples. There has been emphasized a role of digitalization in reducing crime rates, including through protecting transport systems from cyberattacks. In addition, there have been considered the issues of interaction between various government agencies and issues of international cooperation in preventing transport crimes. There have been analyzed such contemporary challenges as the growth of migration flows and its impact on the dynamics of crimes in the transport sector, the use of vehicles for terrorist purposes, and the adaptation of the transport security system to the conditions of globalization. There has been concluded the need for a comprehensive approach to transport security enforcement, which involves a combination of legal, social, technical and organizational tools.

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Svetlana V. Gusarova. Is train surfing a prank or a crime?

UDK: 343.97

Svetlana V. Gusarova - Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Train surfing (also known as train hopping or train hitching) means riding on the outside of a moving train, tram, or other forms of rail transport. Having appeared simultaneously with the development of steam locomotive transport, train surfing has taken more than one hundred lives. Statistics dispassionately state how many human lives have been ruined by this reckless passion; the figures speak of the deaths of very young people who have accomplished nothing in life. The purpose of the current paper was to show the real danger of this extreme hobby. There has been given a description of train surfing, analyzed the history of the emergence of train surfing in Russia, highlighted the personal characteristics of train surfers and the most significant motivations for their behavior, and analyzed possible ways to prevent this dangerous phenomenon.

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Natalia V. Polovnikova. On some issues of legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of public transport mobility

UDK: 33

Natalia V. Polovnikova - Candidate of Law, Chief Consultant, Legislative Assembly of the Sverdlovsk Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has studied the specifics of legal regulation of entrepreneurial relations involving operators of individual mobility vehicles (hereinafter referred to as IMV), as well as other issues related to the legal status of entrepreneurial entities in the field of public transport mobility. There has been drawn attention to the gap in the definition of a legal status of a IMV operator. In this regard, there has been proposed to amend the current legislation to secure the status of a IMV operator and emphasized the advisability of establishing increased requirements for these entities as professional market participants who own high-risk equipment. In addition, there have been made proposals to improve the current legislation in order to implement the fundamentals of road security (admission to road traffic, establishment of a speed limit for vehicles, liability insurance).

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Viktor M. Koryakin, Evgeny Al. Nesterov. Legislative regulation of high-speed railway transport in the Russian Federation and enforcement of its security

UDK: 656.2

Viktor M. Koryakin - Doctor of Law, professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Evgeny Al. Nesterov - Candidate of Law, Director of the Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper is a scientific and practical commentary to the Federal Law of November 30, 2024, No. 448-FZ, which amended the Federal Law “On Railway Transport in the Russian Federation” and the Charter of Railway Transport of the Russian Federation. Due to the legislative act in this country, the concept of “high-speed railway transport” was officially enshrined for the first time at the legislative level. The legal legitimization of high-speed railway transport in the Russian Federation will give a noticeable impetus to the establishment and development of high-speed railway traffic in the Russian Federation. The first such project will be a high-speed railway line between Moscow and St. Petersburg. The implementation of this project has begun since 2024. The paper has considered the main innovations in the legal regulation of high-speed railway transport in Russia, touched upon the issues of legal support for its security, and made some proposals for further improvement of transport legislation in terms of the development of high-speed railway service.

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Svetlana N. Zaykova. Transport security enforcement at metro facilities: imbalance in law

UDK: 342.951

Svetlana N. Zaykova - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Saratov State Law Academy, Saratov, Russia

Abstract. The current paper is devoted to the administrative and legal regulation of transport security at metro facilities. The strategic task of enforcing transport security from external and internal threats remains relevant. There has been established an existence of legal contradictions between the Regulation on federal state control (supervision) over compliance with the rules for the technical operation of off-street transport and the rules for the use of off-street transport and the Regulation on federal state control (supervision) in the field of transport security in terms of an object, subject, mandatory requirements and powers of supervisory bodies. There have been found out the facts of establishing regional administrative liability for offenses provided for in Part 1 of Article 11.15.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, entailing violations of citizens’ rights. In order to eliminate the existing legal imbalance and eliminate duplicating powers of supervisory authorities, there have been made the proposals to clarify the subject of federal state control (supervision) over compliance with the rules for the use of off-street transport.

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Vladimir An. Vinokurov, Ruslan S. Stashkov. Critical analysis of individual provisions of the Federal Law “On the safety of people on water bodies”

UDK: 342

Vladimir An. Vinokurov - Doctor of Law, associate professor, Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Ruslan S. Stashkov - Senior Inspector of the Foreign Citizens’ Training Department of the Center for International Activities and Information Policy, Saint-Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract. According to the suggestion of the Government of the Russian Federation, there has been adopted the Federal Law No. 4-FZ of February 3, 2025 “On the Safety of People on Water Bodies”, which comes into force on September 1, 2025. When reviewing the text of the bill prepared for adoption in the second reading, there have been raised critical comments of a legal nature, a number of which remained after the adoption, approval, signing and publication of the Federal Law “On the Safety of People on Water Bodies” in the prescribed manner. The purpose of the current work was to draw the attention of officials involved in the preparation and adoption of federal laws concerning human safety in general and human safety on water bodies in particular to individual legal and organizational issues that were identified by the authors when reading the text of the bill and then when studying the provisions of the said Law. The main method used in the current work was the analysis of the norms of the said Law. There have been used the comparative-legal and formal-legal methods. The conducted critical analysis of individual norms of the Federal Law “On the Safety of People on Water Bodies” will serve as a basis for correcting the obvious shortcomings of this act, which, ultimately, will allow avoiding problems with its implementation in practice.

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Ildar R. Albikov. Use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the Russian civil aviation system

UDK: 629.735

Ildar R. Albikov - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation named after Chief Marshal of Aviation B. P. Bugaev, Ulyanovsk, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has examined the legal aspects of integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the air traffic of the Russian Federation. Currently, the country is developing and implementing national standards that take into account both international requirements and the specific features of Russian airspace and the current air law system. There have been analyzed the existing legislative norms and rules of the operation of UAVs, as well as their interaction with manned aircraft. There has been made an emphasis on international experience and standards that can be adapted to the Russian legal system.

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