UDK: 338.47

Sergey Al. Pravkin - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The mechanism for implementing investments in the Russian Federation in accordance with the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 with a forecast for the period until 2035, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2021 No. 3363-r, is based on the use of various forms of financing the transport industry, on the use of public, mixed and private investment models using budget investments and such civil contracts as leasing, contracting, agreement on the establishment of an investment partnership, etc. The establishment of special economic zones and financing their development, the development of mechanisms for attracting private investment, the determination of legal regimes for financing targeted government programs and projects, public-private partnerships and concessions are of great importance for the transport industry. The transport industry requires constant legislative, technical and information improvements. The transport development program laid down in the Transport Strategy keeps being constantly supplemented and expanded. The relevance of the current study is in the fact that in 2024 the first stage of the implementation of the Transport Strategy finishes and there is an expectation in a slight reduction in the amount of funding for the activities of the comprehensive plan for modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure compared to the planned level of expenditures. Accordingly, there is a probability of incomplete implementation of part of infrastructure projects planned by 2030. The problem of the study is to find models and sources of financing for the transport infrastructure to fully implement the goals and objectives of the Transport Strategy, to determine which methods of financing will remain, what new methods of financing can be applied to achieve the final goals and an innovative option for the development of the entire transport industry. To solve the problems associated with finding an appropriate financing mechanism in the transport industry, there has been proposed to enter into agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments to the organizations implementing priority transport projects. The use of tax incentives, special tax regimes, project financing of public-private partnerships and mixed agreements with investment conditions, utilitarian digital rights, and “green” investing significantly increase regulatory regulation when investing in the transport industry. A new approach, proposed to solve problems associated with investing in the transport industry, is a proposal to invest the transport complex based on special digital platforms, using digital financial assets and utilitarian digital rights along with conventional financial instruments. To implement the goals and objectives of the Strategy, there has been conducted a formal legal analysis of changes in the regulatory framework of the transport complex in 2024. There has been studied the progress of the implementation of transport projects, the variety of projects which can be successfully implemented, for which of them it is still necessary to find additional sources and models of financing and adopt the necessary regulatory legal acts based on a risk-based approach, since a big risk in the transport complex is the risk of obsolescence of the regulatory framework that ensures the development of the transport complex and makes the basis for reducing risks and injuries.

Keywords: the Transport Strategy; public private partnership; budget investments; private investment; concession; investment projects; capital investments; investment platform; special investment agreement; risk-based approach; federal targeted investment program; digital financial assets; green investing.

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