UDK: 347.471

Viktor M. Shenshin - Candidate of Law, Security Problems Studies Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters named after the Hero of the Russian Federation, Army General E.N. Zinichev, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract. Civil society is one of the key elements to ensure public security as a strategic national priority. The current study has focused on the evolution of scholarly approaches to the formation and development of civil society institutions in the field of public security enforcement. The dialogue between the state and civil society, aimed at improving mechanisms for interaction in ensuring public security, is not a static process, but a system of measures with corresponding dynamics of development that is constantly subject to improvement.

The paper was prepared as part of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 332.1

Maksim Al. Serkov - The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the public and legal support for certain types of comprehensive security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. There have been analyzed the legal issues related to the enforcement of state security, military security, public security, transport security, tourism security, economic, energy, and food security, as well as the protection of population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies.

UDK: 355.4

Timofey T. Pronin - researcher at the Center for Security Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The improvement of the CSTO’s efficiency is achieved through the unification of efforts by member states. This requires the development of a common position on various issues, which can be reflected in model legislation that helps overcome differences in opinions about legal regulation issues, including those related to public security. However, the development of such model acts requires prior coordination of the positions of the CSTO member states. The current paper has presented the analysis of the examples of the use of the concept of “public security” in the CSTO member states to identify similarities and differences in approaches to defining and understanding public security and its codification in legislative acts and strategic planning documents. According to the author these similarities and differences in opinions about public security, as reflected in national legislation, should be taken into account when creating new model legislative acts of the CSTO related to enforcing public security.

The paper was prepared as part of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 343.326

Denis V. Iroshnikov - Head of the Department of Legal Support for National Security, Law and Order of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chief Researcher at the Center for Security Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has identified and analyzed the specifics of the organizational and legal framework for anti-terrorist security of transport infrastructure facilities within the system of public security enforcement measures in the Russian Federation. There has been also analyzed the place of transport security and related categories within the public security system of the Russian Federation. There has been carried out a comparative analysis of the legal framework for anti-terrorist security of transport infrastructure facilities and similar institutions outside of transport. There has been considered the place of anti-terrorism security of transport facilities within the transport security system.

The paper was prepared as part of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 351

Armen Ar. Asatryan - Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), researcher of the Security Problems Studies Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The adoption of Federal Law No. 172-FZ of June 28, 2014, and the signing of Presidential Decree No. 633 of November 8, 2021, have provided a significant boost to the development of strategic planning documents in national security. The current study has demonstrated that over the past few years, there has been developed a wide range of strategic planning documents that directly or indirectly address national security issues. But what do these strategic planning documents represent, and how are they interconnected? Answering these questions will help us understand how the modern system of strategic planning documents in the field ofnational security is structured.

The paper was prepared as part of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 811:342

Kirill V. Alekseev - Associate professor of the department of literature and journalism of the faculty of Russian philology and national culture, S. A. Yesenin Russian State University, Senior researcher of the SPSC RAS, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the concepts related to the individual, society, and the state in the field of security. The issue has been analyzed from three perspectives, such as linguistic, doctrinal (scientific and legal), and regulatory practice. There has been established that, from a linguistic perspective, the concepts in the field of security are synonymous, which is presented in regulatory legal acts and documents on Russia’s strategic development. There has been argued that the word combinations “personal security” and “security of a person”, “public security” and “security of a society”, “state security” and “security of a state” should be considered synonymous in both legal scholarship and regulatory legal acts. This is supported by linguistic and comparative legal analysis. There has been proposed to develop a unified terminology and conceptual framework with the participation of linguists and security specialists, as well as to include their definitions and their work results into the legislative process.

The paper was prepared as part of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 346.7+656.01

Viktoriya Al. Kavyrshina - Candidate of Economic Sciences, senior researcher of the Department of Economic Security Issues’ Study, Economic Research Institute, Donetsk, Russia

Abstract. The current work is of great relevance as there is a lack of sufficient structuring of the theory of security in modern Russian science. The purpose was to study the state of normative legal regulation of transport complex security, the logic of its formation, its placement in the system of economic security, as well as identification of the essence of economic security associated with the transport sector. The current paper has analyzed the definitions of various types of security used in the practice of normative legal regulation of security, as well as attempts to systematize them. The analysis has shown that legislative and other normative legal regulation is developing in the directions of existing threats. There is no protection against economic threats in the sphere of transport complex regulation. In order to solve problems of economic security, there have been used strategies and forecasts of socio-economic development, state programs. In the current Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation, there are no specific indicators of the state of economic security for transport. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that at the current stage of development, the understanding of the essence of economic security is still being formed, and that the key concept is “sustainable development” of the country and its regions. Economic security enforcement is associated with the development of an effective mechanism that ensures timely recognition of threats to sustainable economic development, prevention of dangerous conditions or minimization of consequences. There has been concluded that it is advisable to develop a system to counteract economic threats associated with the functioning of transport, for which purpose there has been introduced the concept of “economic security in the transport sector”. There have been defined the threats to economic security in the transport sector. The goal of economic security management in the transport sector is to ensure uninterrupted supply of the economy with the necessary volume of resources requiring transferring at the lowest possible rates. There have been developed the main elements of the mechanism for enforcing economic security in the transport sector. They can become the basis for specialized normative and legal regulation.

UDK: 351.74

Sergey Iv. Gir’ko - Doctor of Law, professor, Head, Main Researcher, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Aleksandr Al. Dolgopolov - Doctor of Law, associate professor, Professor of the Criminal law Department, Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Abstract. In the current paper there have been hypothetically formed the most relevant areas of ensuring national security from the authors’ point of view, based on modern approaches to the problems of ensuring national interests, strategic priorities defined by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the practice of covering in special sources priority areas of scientific research that specify and reveal the deep content of national priorities. There have been highlighted such issues as problems of legal regulation of state, public and transport security, the situation with the education of a harmonious personality of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the problem is in the fact that in the current realities of the Russian Federation, the intensification of hostile actions and intentions towards the state from external and internal forces, the growth of challenges and threats to national security, state security enforcement represents confrontation with external factors, as well as public security, namely the neutralization of internal challenges and threats. The clarity and sufficiency of the legal support for the named strategic priorities has a direct impact on the efficiency of the actions of entities to neutralize harmful factors, the choice of specific means of their neutralization depending on the nature of the challenges and threats themselves. The purpose of the current study was to analyze, within the scope of the paper, the state of legal regulation and provision of such national strategic priorities as enforcing state security and ensuring public safety, transport security, a set of national interests that together form the priority task of state bodies and society as a whole, namely the education of a harmonious personality, the formation of a modern citizen of Russia, the required criteria that it must meet. Based on the conducted research, there has been concluded that state security, as a strategic national priority, neither in Soviet times had nor in modern Russia has legal regulation in the legislation of the RF, which creates obstacles to the perception of the said legal institution. Public safety, on the contrary, until 2020 had a basic legal act of the President of the RF, the Concept of Public Safety of the Russian Federation, which has lost its legal force, and transport security has had a special federal law that needs to be specified. At present, it is also necessary to develop a legislative act that enshrines the basic legal provisions of public safety as a legal institution and regulates the main state approaches to its regulation. The same legislative act may reflect the “basic” problems of transport security, as a state of protection of society and man in the conditions of a multi-aspect transport complex. The named priorities will require efforts of the scientific community to develop modern theoretical problems and legal regulation in legislative acts of the state. The education of a harmonious personality is a priority area defined by the President of Russia, which should also attract active participation of the scientific community and government agencies in order to develop theoretical problems and form legal regulations for comprehensive approaches to solve this problem.

UDK: 342

Andrey V. Khodos - Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the present regulatory legal acts governing the national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. There has been conducted the analysis of the main aspects, such as the geopolitical position, economic and environmental significance of the region, requiring appropriate legal support from the Russian Federation. Due to the growing interest and struggle for zones of influence, trade routes, many opportunities of the Arctic among the states coastal to the Arctic region, the risk of a threat to national security is also increasing. That is why the legal and regulatory support of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the region is of crucial importance in the modern world.

UDK: 342.9

Valery An. Novikov - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Valentina Iv. Shiyan - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. At present, mass riots, despite the insignificant number of registered crimes envisaged by the Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the persons who committed them, as well as the relative static nature of this type of crime (based on the results of 2023-2024), should be considered as a threat to public safety of the Russian Federation. Our position has been determined by the fact that mass riots encroach on public safety and public order; they are accompanied by violence, pogroms, arson, property destruction, use of weapons, explosive devices, explosives, poisonous or other substances and objects; as a rule, they are of an organized nature, provoked by extremist-minded elements and used by them in the struggle for power; they are associated with acts of terrorism, they disrupt the normal functioning of the individual, society and the state. Mass riots’ participants, unlike other categories of criminals, are characterized by a heightened degree of public danger, since most of them have previously been subject to criminal liability, and almost every second person is a member of an organized criminal group, and every third person is without a permanent source of income. The current paper contains the study results of the state and dynamics of crimes envisaged by the Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, committed both in Russia as a whole and in the regions, taking into account statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the period from 2020 to 2024. There have been presented the study of the Russian criminal legislation, materials of judicial practice and scientific works. Particular attention has been paid to criminal law measures to prevent mass riots. According to the authors, the problems arising in the qualification process are due to the absence of a legal definition of “mass riots”, the presence of evaluative features in the disposition of Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, competition with the elements of crimes against the person, property, public order and management order, and other circumstances identified during the study.