UDK: 351.74

Sergey Iv. Gir’ko - Doctor of Law, professor, Head, Main Researcher, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Aleksandr Al. Dolgopolov - Doctor of Law, associate professor, Professor of the Criminal law Department, Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Abstract. In the current paper there have been hypothetically formed the most relevant areas of ensuring national security from the authors’ point of view, based on modern approaches to the problems of ensuring national interests, strategic priorities defined by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the practice of covering in special sources priority areas of scientific research that specify and reveal the deep content of national priorities. There have been highlighted such issues as problems of legal regulation of state, public and transport security, the situation with the education of a harmonious personality of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the problem is in the fact that in the current realities of the Russian Federation, the intensification of hostile actions and intentions towards the state from external and internal forces, the growth of challenges and threats to national security, state security enforcement represents confrontation with external factors, as well as public security, namely the neutralization of internal challenges and threats. The clarity and sufficiency of the legal support for the named strategic priorities has a direct impact on the efficiency of the actions of entities to neutralize harmful factors, the choice of specific means of their neutralization depending on the nature of the challenges and threats themselves. The purpose of the current study was to analyze, within the scope of the paper, the state of legal regulation and provision of such national strategic priorities as enforcing state security and ensuring public safety, transport security, a set of national interests that together form the priority task of state bodies and society as a whole, namely the education of a harmonious personality, the formation of a modern citizen of Russia, the required criteria that it must meet. Based on the conducted research, there has been concluded that state security, as a strategic national priority, neither in Soviet times had nor in modern Russia has legal regulation in the legislation of the RF, which creates obstacles to the perception of the said legal institution. Public safety, on the contrary, until 2020 had a basic legal act of the President of the RF, the Concept of Public Safety of the Russian Federation, which has lost its legal force, and transport security has had a special federal law that needs to be specified. At present, it is also necessary to develop a legislative act that enshrines the basic legal provisions of public safety as a legal institution and regulates the main state approaches to its regulation. The same legislative act may reflect the “basic” problems of transport security, as a state of protection of society and man in the conditions of a multi-aspect transport complex. The named priorities will require efforts of the scientific community to develop modern theoretical problems and legal regulation in legislative acts of the state. The education of a harmonious personality is a priority area defined by the President of Russia, which should also attract active participation of the scientific community and government agencies in order to develop theoretical problems and form legal regulations for comprehensive approaches to solve this problem.

Keywords: national interests; strategic national priorities; national security strategy; state security; public security; transport security; public security concept; harmonious personality; traditional spiritual and moral values.

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Gir’ko S.I., Dolgopolov A.A. Current issues of national security of the Russian Federation // Transport law and security. 2025; (2(54)):74―84.