UDK: 338.23

Sergey Al. Pravkin - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Investment relations in the transport sector are mediated by a variety of civil law contracts, the most common of which are various organizational and legal models of public-private partnerships. Public-private partnerships have recently emerged as a mechanism for implementing socially significant projects. Joint investment activities between public and private partners are based on the pooling of resources and risk sharing. Legal regulation of public-private partnerships involves establishing partnership forms and conditions for project participation. The state must ensure favorable conditions for investment activity, creating a special legal regime, and exercise administrative and financial control. The development of organizational and legal models or partnership frameworks has received mixed reviews in the academic literature, owing to a broad legal approach and a narrow legal approach to understanding the legal institution of public-private partnerships. Despite ongoing debates about the relationship between public and private law in the legal frameworks of public-private partnerships, there could be concluded that the financial and legal mechanism of partnership is a mixed legal construction. This understanding makes it possible to further develop classifications of its organizational and legal forms and requires the necessity to further improve investment legislation based on a combination of public and private financing schemes in infrastructure transport projects.

UDK: 338.28

Sergey Al. Pravkin - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. Investments in transport infrastructure can be based on selected models of public-private partnership in the meso-level economic system. A meso-level is a process of intra-industry interactions of economic entities; the object of analysis of the transport economy based on the meso-level approach is spatially extended (regional economic) structures and markets, which is the transportation market. The meso-level method for studying transport economy is based in turn on three of its components, such as a systems approach to understanding the meso-level as a process of intra-industry interactions between economic entities in the transport sector; a regional-spatial approach to the development of transport infrastructure; methodological institutionalism as an approach at the point of intersection of transport economy with other industries. There has been proposed to use the advantages of public-private partnership in the development of the transport system, its application according to regional specifics using the example of the transportation market as a meso-level institution. The proposed models of legal regulation of investments in transport projects can provide a systemic economic and legal effect on spatially extended markets. The methodology of the study comprised an analysis of public management of the transport economy at the meso level, a formal legal approach related to the study of the problems of combining transport and investment legislation, as well as legal regulation of industry transportation markets. The method of interpreting legal norms was used to clarify the legal norms of the current investment and transport legislation, which was aimed at clarifying special terms and legal structures for their application in legal practice. The comparative method was used to compare individual models of public-private partnership based on the mesoeconomic approach, which was applied according to regional specifics, inter-industry, spatial and structural links, social specifics to improve the legislation regulating the activities of industry markets for transport services. The method of making legal decisions was used to develop proposals to eliminate legislative problems in the field of industry investments. Based on established recommendations for developing public-private partnership models in transport projects and unifying legislation in the global market, there have been proposed the ways to improve Russian legislation concerning the development of the freight transportation market based on a mesoeconomic approach. In a situation where the inflow of foreign investment has significantly reduced, public-private partnership creates conditions for stable investment within the country based on a domestic investor, on state and private capital. The infrastructure projects with significant investment volumes, reducing government costs in such projects by attracting financing from private investors, are of practical importance.

UDK: 34

Maksim V. Lavrukhin - Derzhavin Tambov State University

Abstract. In the current paper there have been considered the issues posed by cartels and oligopolies in the Russian transport sector and proposed efficient strategies to protect the system from their harmful influence. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies, the current study has highlighted the importance of legal and regulatory frameworks, competition policies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders to provide a fair competition and develop a dynamic and efficient transport industry. The study results have highlighted the necessity to take proactive measures to identify and curb anti-competitive behavior and ensure transparency and accountability in market dynamics.

UDK: 338.47

Sergey Al. Pravkin - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The mechanism for implementing investments in the Russian Federation in accordance with the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 with a forecast for the period until 2035, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 27, 2021 No. 3363-r, is based on the use of various forms of financing the transport industry, on the use of public, mixed and private investment models using budget investments and such civil contracts as leasing, contracting, agreement on the establishment of an investment partnership, etc. The establishment of special economic zones and financing their development, the development of mechanisms for attracting private investment, the determination of legal regimes for financing targeted government programs and projects, public-private partnerships and concessions are of great importance for the transport industry. The transport industry requires constant legislative, technical and information improvements. The transport development program laid down in the Transport Strategy keeps being constantly supplemented and expanded. The relevance of the current study is in the fact that in 2024 the first stage of the implementation of the Transport Strategy finishes and there is an expectation in a slight reduction in the amount of funding for the activities of the comprehensive plan for modernization and expansion of the main infrastructure compared to the planned level of expenditures. Accordingly, there is a probability of incomplete implementation of part of infrastructure projects planned by 2030. The problem of the study is to find models and sources of financing for the transport infrastructure to fully implement the goals and objectives of the Transport Strategy, to determine which methods of financing will remain, what new methods of financing can be applied to achieve the final goals and an innovative option for the development of the entire transport industry. To solve the problems associated with finding an appropriate financing mechanism in the transport industry, there has been proposed to enter into agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments to the organizations implementing priority transport projects. The use of tax incentives, special tax regimes, project financing of public-private partnerships and mixed agreements with investment conditions, utilitarian digital rights, and “green” investing significantly increase regulatory regulation when investing in the transport industry. A new approach, proposed to solve problems associated with investing in the transport industry, is a proposal to invest the transport complex based on special digital platforms, using digital financial assets and utilitarian digital rights along with conventional financial instruments. To implement the goals and objectives of the Strategy, there has been conducted a formal legal analysis of changes in the regulatory framework of the transport complex in 2024. There has been studied the progress of the implementation of transport projects, the variety of projects which can be successfully implemented, for which of them it is still necessary to find additional sources and models of financing and adopt the necessary regulatory legal acts based on a risk-based approach, since a big risk in the transport complex is the risk of obsolescence of the regulatory framework that ensures the development of the transport complex and makes the basis for reducing risks and injuries.

UDK: 338.47

Irina Iv. Shatskaya - Candidate of Economic Sciences, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Lyudmila M. Maleshina - Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The relevance of the analysis of the investment attractiveness of companies in the transport sector is due to the presence of projects aimed at the development, establishment, and digitalization of transport infrastructure facilities, which are associated with high costs in a highly competitive environment. The current paper has presented the results of an estimation of the investment attractiveness of Russian leaders in terms of market capitalization in the sector “Transport”, whose shares are traded on the stock market of the Moscow Exchange (MOEX). The authors have considered a set of analytics tools for potential investors that will help with the selection of promising companies for investment in the transport sector, which is one of the most widely diversified, and avoid unjustified risks with investing money. There has been concluded that there is no single methodology for estimating the investment attractiveness of companies, which has allowed the authors to propose their own approach to solving this problem.

UDK: 336.7:347.7

Igor V. Evstifeev - LLC “EnergoGroup Development”

Mariya An. Matveeva - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. The current paper has presented the discussion of the possible prospects for using cryptocurrencies as an alternative means of payment in international trade, the transport industry, as well as the prospects for using cryptocurrencies instead of traditional international currencies (dollar and euro), which have lost their leading positions in recent years, primarily for political reasons. There have been considered problematic issues of legal regulation of cryptocurrencies at the international level, in Russian legislation. There have been shown approaches of different states to the regulation of cryptocurrency relations. The main purpose of the paper was to study the gaps and contradictions in Russian and international legislation in the field of regulation of cryptocurrency relations. Achieving the goals is carried out by solving such problems as studying the prerequisites for the development of cryptocurrency as a means of payment, studying the theoretical and legal aspects of the legal regulation of cryptocurrency relations in Russia and abroad.

UDK: 338.24:656

Roman V. Volkov - Candidate of Economic Sciences, Russian Open Academy of Transport, Russian University of Transport

Elena Iv. Danilina - Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The transport industry of the country can objectively become a driver of digitalization and economic growth, increasing GDP growth by reducing logistics costs and increasing the competitiveness of products. That is, the economic effect of transport digitalization has a national scale. One of the main factors in the process of transport digitalization is effective digital management both at individual enterprises and the industry. The process of digital transformation of the industry is a mechanism to form a new transformational management model. The logic of the transformational management model is determined by its main purpose to speed up the process and reduce the costs of digital transformation of the enterprise. The current paper has considered new pivotal management areas of digital transformation of a transport enterprise, such as business model transformation and transition to a platform production model; transformation of corporate culture; transformation of marketing and service; transition to a customer-oriented service. In the current situation, a new transformational model of transport enterprise management should fundamentally meet such requirements as to ensure the growth of decision-making speed through new intelligent technologies; support greater variability of processes, including processes in pivotal areas of transformation; constantly reduce the number of people involved in the process (decision-making and value increase chains); provide a change in the forms of interaction with customers; use all the possibilities of modern analytical systems; support a changing process of the management system itself on the principles of self-organization. The implementation of an accelerated and cost-effective digitalization strategy for a transport enterprise must begin with a change in pivotal management areas and priorities.

UDK: 656.6/8

Alisa V. Yanelis - Russian University of Transport

Abstract. In order to improve the service provided to passengers, there have been studied the competitive positions of the organization, current and potential opportunities of competing enterprises. Based on the study results, there have been calculated possible ways of market development of the activities of transport organizations. The current paper has presented a quality management system for transport services, covering the main stages, parts, mechanisms for its research and improvement. For this, there have been considered main stages of the service quality management of the transport company. The author has identified the components of the quality of passenger service and their impact on the competitiveness of the company. The author has also identified priority areas for improving the service quality for a passenger railway transport company. The paper has demonstrated the Ishikawa’s cause-and-effect diagram in the analysis of the quality of passenger service, for which aspects that affect the service quality were analyzed. Determining priority guidelines for improving quality, the management of the railway organization has a selective influence on specific elements and forms a strategy aimed at achieving the expected level of competitiveness of enterprise.

UDK: 338.46:35(476)

Elena V. Sandyreva - post graduate of the Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has considered of the application of the outsourcing mechanism in the field of transport logistics in the context of the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. There have been shown the main trends in the development of transport logistics, new phenomena that have appeared in this area as a result of the pandemic. There has been given a predictive assessment of the further development of outsourcing relations in the transport sector. There has been proved that this form of economic activity will retain its importance for the future and will contribute to the increase in the efficiency of transport logistics.

UDK: 338.47:656.2

Sergey A. Pravkin - Candidate of Law, docent, associate professor of the department ‘Administrative Law, Ecological Law, Information Law’, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport

Vera V. Smirnova - Candidate of Law, docent, associate professor of the department ‘Administrative Law, Ecological Law, Information Law’, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport

Abstract. The current paper has analyzed the organizational and legal foundations of property management and transactions with the holding's real estate. The open joint stock company (JSC) “Russian Railways” completed the transition to a vertically-oriented management in accordance with the types of activities and the transition from horizontal management based on the territorial principle to the management of such business units as logistics, infrastructure, passenger traffic, freight traffic, etc. For this purpose, there were created directorates in accordance with the types of activities. These types of activities (management branches) included certain areas of business, which were facilitated by measures for the implementation of corporate building and organizational development. Real estate management is also carried out in the respective divisions vertically with the distribution of competence. There are applied uniform principles of property accounting and control of the parent company over subsidiaries at all levels. Directions in the use of real estate of the JSC “Russian Railways” have been outlined in the Functional Real Estate Management Strategy of the Russian Railways Holding No. 1357R issued on June 29, 2012, in accordance with which an effective real estate management model should be created. Much has already been done. However, there are still unresolved problems in the field of real estate management in the JSC “Russian Railways”. First of all, they are associated with the current deterioration of individual infrastructure facilities, including real estate being on the balance of the holding. In order to ensure a balance of interests of the state, private shareholders, the mechanism of public-private partnership, as well as other models of foreign investment in real estate, did not find proper application in comparison with foreign countries. The current study has analyzed the policy documents, the activities of the holding, corporate legal framework in decision-making. There have been made individual proposals to improve the organizational and legal environment for managing the company's property, including those related to the development of public-private partnerships.