UDK: 34.07

Samir M. Mikailov - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Kurgan Institute of Railway Transport — branch of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, Kurgan, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented a scientific analysis of existing approaches to defining the phenomenon of “national interest” as a basic category for the concept of “national security” and its components such as transport and railway security, and on this basis, Russia’s national interests in the field of railway security enforcement. There has been argued that Russia’s national interests in the field of railway security enforcement represent a combination of the interests of society and the state in ensuring the safe movement of people and goods on the country’s railways. At the same time, there has been substantiated that national interests in the field of railway security enforcement include the need to form and improve the state policy of the Russian Federation related to ensuring railway safety and security, and the implementation of a state-defined system of legal, economic, organizational and other measures in the sphere of the railway complex aimed at preventing threats of various natures (internal and external) to railway transport facilities (movable and immovable), the surrounding ecosystem, staff and passengers, as well as minimizing their consequences.

UDK: 342

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, Main Researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered topical issues arising in Russia from the activities of national diasporas, given a definition of this concept, its modern content, and defined it as one of the reasons for the emergence of social tension in society as a threat to the national security of modern Russia. Because of a significant number of migrants, citizens are naturally concerned that the activities of such communities could lead to destabilization of the situation in the country and an increase in crime, while there has been established a low level of migrants’ integration into Russian society.

UDK: 341.231:004

Mahmoud Ismail - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

Al Ali Naser Abdel Raheem - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Noor Saleh Ali Alzyoud - PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Philadelphia University Amman, Jordan

Vladimir Ev. Chebotarev - Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT) Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The study discusses the legal challenges imposed by cyberspace on the concept of sovereignty in international and national law, focusing on two main issues: challenges associated with the concept of sovereignty and those related to its implementation. Cyberspace presents legal challenges to state sovereignty, as the openness of cyberspace contradicts the closed nature required by traditional sovereignty. Globalization exacerbates these challenges, as supranational governmental structures and societies seek to exploit cyberspace for economic and cultural purposes, increasing the conflict between sovereignty and cyberspace openness. Defining cyber sovereignty requires a balance between the concepts of sovereignty and cyberspace to maintain their identities and characteristics. A careful definition of cyber sovereignty contributes to understanding the actual ex-tent of state authority in controlling and regulating cyberspace and helps address the legal challenges faced by states in this context. The study concludes that cyber sovereignty is an application of sovereignty in the traditional sense, rather than a synonymous concept, and calls for international recognition of this new application and collaborative efforts to regulate it to address emerging challenges in cyberspace and ensure global security and stability.

UDK: 338

Maxim V. Lavrukhin - Member of the Expert Council of the State Duma Committee on Energy, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. National security is the basis of stability and sustainable development of any state, and in modern conditions it faces a number of new challenges and threats. The Murmansk region, as a strategically important region of Russia, which borders several countries, has unique features that determine its vulnerability to external and internal risks. Modern geopolitical tensions, climate change, and technological developments create new forms of threats that require comprehensive analysis and prompt decisions. Failure to promptly identify and neutralize threats can lead to destabilization of the situation both at the regional level and at the national level. In this regard, it is important not only to study existing threats, but also to develop practical recommendations for government agencies that enforce security. In these conditions, the relevance of the study of threats to national security in the Murmansk region is becoming especially important for ensuring stability and preserving the sovereignty of the state. The names of legal entities whose financial and economic activity have been analyzed are anonymized to exclude the possibility of causing reputational risks to such companies within the framework of the conducted research activities.

UDK: 342.5

Armen Ar. Asatryan - Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)

Abstract. Long-term strategic planning is a necessary link in national security enforcement of this country. Even though it is not possible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of how events in the sphere of national security will develop in the future, long-term forecasting based on trends allows preparing the country in a timely manner to overcome certain challenges and threats, and to build an appropriate state policy. Such forecasting can bring positive results provided that the relevant documents are updated periodically, which will allow for a timely estimation of certain challenges and threats in terms of their relevance, as well as the likelihood of their transition from the potential to the real category. Based on the forecasts, there have been developed long-term goals in enforcing national security. Thus, long-term planning becomes a key factor in enforcing national security.

UDK: 342.76

Sergey N. Yazykeev - judge of the Saratov Regional Court

Abstract. The current paper has presented the analysis of the specifics of restrictions on human rights and freedoms to enforce national security under martial law and during counter-terrorism operations. There has been noted that in conditions of martial law and counter-terrorism operations, personal, political, socio-economic, and even cultural constitutional human rights defined in the law are subject to restrictions. However, the implementation of some of them may be completely prohibited. There have been identified contradictions in the current legislation of the Russian Federation and proposed scientifically based recommendations for their elimination.

UDK: 347.9

David Ar. Melkonyan - Russian University of Transport (MIIT)

Abstract. There have been considered some theoretical, legal, and practical aspects of licensing activities in general and in the field of transport security. There has been carried out an etymological analysis of the term “permitting activity”. There have been identified main forms of licensing activities carried out to ensure transport security, such as licensing, certification, accreditation, certification, and their legal characteristics. There have been shown some problematic issues in this area, formulated additional arguments in favor of the need to adopt a federal law on licensing activities in the Russian Federation.

UDK: 347.9

Maksim V. Lavrukhin - Tambov State University named after G. R. Derzhavin

Svetlana V. Vorobieva - Tambov State University named after G. R. Derzhavin

Abstract. Currently, sabotage and reconnaissance groups of unfriendly countries are planning and committing acts of illegal interference against critical infrastructure facilities and transport infrastructure facilities of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to recognize that currently the information reflected in restricted documents, which contain information about the anti-terrorism protection of critical infrastructure facilities, is publicly available. There have been many successful counterintelligence and counter-intelligence efforts undertaken by national security agencies to combat the aforementioned threats. At the same time, when analyzing regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of enforcing transport security, there can be seen problems that currently need to be quickly resolved. The current paper has discussed individual regulatory legal acts, which, according to the authors, should be amended and (or) supplemented. There has been also considered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for the purpose of committing acts of illegal interference, including terrorist acts, as the most pressing modern threats to transport infrastructure facilities. The current study also contains several proposals aimed at increasing the efficiency of legal regulation of transport infrastructure facilities and specific measures to optimize the competence of responsible entities in this area.

UDK: 342.518

Sergey Iv. Girko - Doctor of Law, professor, main researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher of the Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, honored scientist of the Russian Federation

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, main researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, main researcher of the All-Russian Research Institute of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Artem V. Mazein - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Ural Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, senior researcher of the Center for Security Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. The changing external environment determines the growth of threats to transport infrastructure, and therefore today it is necessary to update the idea of the system of subjects of public administration in the field of transport security. The significance of such a study is in considering the constitutional principle of the unity of the system of public power, as well as in the context of the need for digital transformation of the state. With this approach, there can be established an expanded network system of public administration entities, which, in the context of digitalization, truly meets the principle of building a unified system of public authority. This is ensured by the possibility of digital interdepartmental interaction within the framework of a unified state information system for ensuring transport security. Current trends in digitalization allow the authors to suggest directions for the development of the area under consideration (for example, the introduction of the principle of proactivity for the certification of transport security forces).

UDK: 342.519

Sergey Iv. Girko - Doctor of Law, professor, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, honored scientist of the Russian Federation

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, professor, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract. Based on the analysis of fundamental documents in the field of national security of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the current paper has stated that in more than 30% of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there have been formed the institutional foundations of public administration in the field of ensuring public safety, which predetermined the establishment of a special regional body, whose competence includes various issues in the field of ensuring public safety.