UDK: 343.7

Valentina Iv. Shiyan - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Despite the measures taken to prevent property crimes, it is difficult to see solely favorable trends in this type of crime. Regardless of the rate of decline in the number of property crimes and their perpetrators, not only nationally but also in federal districts and most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, this type of crime poses a threat to national and public security. This situation is primarily due to their dominance in the structure of crime, which predetermines its quantitative and qualitative characteristics; self-serving motivation; the steady increase in the use of information and telecommunications technologies in their commission; huge harm, etc. The relevance of the issues discussed in the current paper is also underlined by the increased degree of public danger posed by individuals who commit crimes against property. For the most part, this is the most criminal contingent, which differs from other categories of criminals by a low level of education, the absence of a permanent source of income, a high rate of recidivism, the most negative moral and psychological characteristics, a wide prevalence of mental disorders, etc. The current paper has presented the study results of Russian legislation, scientific papers, and statistical indicators of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the period from 2020 to 2024 on crimes under Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as a longitudinal study of the personality of a criminal, based on investigative and judicial practice materials and forensic psychiatric examinations. The primary attention has been paid to the status and trends of index crimes against property. According to the author, the study results have demonstrated the necessity to improve the efficiency of measures aimed at preventing property crimes.

UDK: 332.1

Maksim Al. Serkov - Applicant of the department of legal support for national security, law, and order Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the issues of improving legal frameworks for comprehensive security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. There has been substantiated the necessity to establish a federal territory, “The Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation”, and to develop and approve a Strategy for Enforcing Comprehensive Security in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.

UDK: 343.34

Valery An. Novikov - Candidate of Law, associate professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has examined the crucial issues of criminal liability for occupying a high-ranking position in a criminal hierarchy. Article 210.1 was introduced into the Russian Criminal Code five years ago, but the scholars have been debating what constitutes grounds for criminal liability for this crime. Based on an analysis of doctrinal views and case law, there has been concluded that the basis for criminal liability lies in the socially dangerous actions of a person occupying a high position in the criminal hierarchy, who controls the criminal environment. There have been given practical recommendations for classifying the crime and distinguishing it from the related offense under Part 4 of Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author of this article has supported the view that the crime under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is continuous, and substantiated this conclusion based on theoretical principles of criminal law. There have been outlined the circumstances under which a person occupying a high position in a criminal hierarchy cannot be held liable under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. There has been also substantiated that the perpetrator of this crime can only be a special perpetrator. Based on selected court rulings, there has been demonstrated that the application of Article 210.1 of the Russian Criminal Code has been tested not only on “thieves in law” but also on “position holders”. In future, the scope of criminal offenders may be expanded to include so-called “watchers” of various facilities and territories, i.e., criminal leaders with a lower but significant status in the criminal hierarchy.

UDK: 811:342

Kirill V. Alekseev - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Literature and Journalism Department, Faculty of Russian Philology and National Culture, Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russia; Senior Researcher at the Security Problems Studies Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has examined the structural and systemic aspects of security because of the lack of a unified understanding of security types in science and the Russian legal framework. There has been proposed a security framework that divides security into two levels (international and national security), and national security into categories (personal security, public security, and state security) and types (environmental security, transport security, economic security, etc.). There has been argued that this framework could streamline and standardize the classification of national security components, establish their hierarchy, and more logically and clearly define Russia’s national security system.