Статья

Vitaly V. Klyuev. Subjects of public maritime law

UDK: 347.79

Vitaly V. Klyuev - Candidate of Law, Professor of the department “Maritime Law and International Law”, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Maritime law, being a highly specialized legal field, has a complex composition of subjects in public relations, which requires separate study and doctrinal understanding. In any public relations, the defining element of such relations are their parties, the subjects, and entities. Unlike private law, public relations are built on the interaction of entities with different legal origins. In the field of public maritime law, both the public party of public relations and the party subject to public regulation have distinct characteristics relative to other branches of law, determined by the geographical application of the norms of public maritime law, multi-jurisdictional jurisdiction in various maritime spaces, and the broad autonomy of private maritime law entities. The current paper has considered the approaches to defining the legal nature and essence of legal entities in public legal relations. In order to study the specifics of public maritime law, there has been proposed to consider such two aspects of public social relations as a public entity of maritime law and a subject of public maritime law. Public entities of maritime law are individuals, bodies, and structures representing the public party, and which are vested with public-authority functions. Subjects of public maritime law are individuals who are directed with public maritime law regulation or with respect to whom public subjects of maritime law exercise functions or powers.

Keywords: maritime law; public maritime law; subjects of public maritime law; subjects of public social relations; public entity of maritime law.

References:

  1. Klyuyev, V. V. Otraslevaya sistema prava primenitel'no k publichnomu morskomu pravu [Sectoral system of law applied to public maritime law ]/ V. V. Klyuyev // Rossiyskiy nauchnyy vestnik — 2025. — № 6. — S. 229—235. — DOI 10.24412/2782-3830-2025-6-229-235. — EDN YVXJKY.
  2. Pinskiy, A. S. Rossiya otkryvayet avtonomnoye sudokhodstvo. Pravovyye aspekty i osobennosti organizatsii [Russia sets up autonomous shipping. Legal aspects and features of the organization ]/ A. S. Pinskiy, V. V. Klyuyev // Transport Rossiyskoy Federatsii — 2020. — № 3-4(88-89). — S. 8—14. — EDN VJKKRO.
  3. Klyuyev, V. V. Terminologiya avtonomnogo transporta [Terminology of autonomous transport ]/ V.V. Klyuyev // Transportnoye pravo i bezopasnost' — 2025. — № 2(54). — S. 114—124. — EDN XGVGJQ.
  4. Sukhanov, Ye. A. O vidakh sub"yektivnykh grazhdanskikh prav i o predelakh ikh osushchestvleniya [On the types of subjective civil rights and the limits of their exercise ]/ Ye. A. Sukhanov, V. S. Yem // Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava. — 2019. — № 4.
  5. Kovalenko, N. Ye. Yuridicheskaya doktrina o stanovlenii kategorii sub"yekt grazhdanskogo prava [Legal doctrine on the formation of the category of subject of Civil Law ]/ N. Ye. Kovalenko // Yuridicheskiy vestnik. — 2024. — № 1(17). — S. 25—29. — EDN LBTOZT.
  6. Zhil'nikova, Ye. V. Problemy razgranicheniya ponyatiy «sub"yekt prava» i «sub"yekt pravootnosheniya» [Problems of distinction between the concepts of “subject of law” and “subject of legal relationships” ]/ Ye. V. Zhil'nikova // Istoricheskiye, filosofskiye, politicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedeniye. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. — 2011. — № 7-2(13). — S. 74—77. — EDN OIPTWB.
  7. Kozhevnikov, V. V. Ponyatiye sub"yekta prava v kontekste sootnosheniya filosofsko-pravovykh kategoriy «pravovaya vozmozhnost'» i «pravovaya deystvitel'nost'» [The concept of a subject of law in the context of the relationship between the philosophical and legal categories of “legal opportunity” and “legal validity” ]/ V. V. Kozhevnikov // Agrarnoye i zemel'noye pravo. — 2020. — № 1(181). — S. 72—79. — EDN LJZGUW.
  8. Dikivskiy, O. A. Sub"yekt prava v sovremennoy yuridicheskoy doktrine [Subject of law in modern legal doctrine ]/ O. A. Dikivskiy // Obrazovaniye i pravo. — 2023. — № 8. — S. 480—483. — DOI 10.24412/2076-1503-2023-8-480-483. — EDN ZHNKDH.
  9. Chestnov, I. L. Sub"yekt prava: dopolnitel'nost' pravovogo statusa i pravovoy identichnosti [Subject of law: complementarity of legal status and legal identity ]/ I. L. Chestnov // Vestnik Universiteta prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii. — 2023. — № 2(94). — S. 5—11. — EDN EAWCEL.
  10. Kononov, V. S. Formirovaniye teorii pravosub"yektnosti organa publichnoy vlasti [Formation of the theory of legal capacity of a public authority ]/ V. S. Kononov // Gosudarstvennaya vlast' i mestnoye samoupravleniye. — 2025. — № 1. — S. 3—8. — DOI 10.18572/1813-1247-2025-1-3-8. — EDN FJYBTY.
  11. Vasil'yev, S. A. Grazhdanskoye obshchestvo i yego instituty v teorii sootnosheniya sub"yektov konstitutsionnogo prava [Civil society and its institutions in the theory of the relationship between subjects of constitutional law ]/ S. A. Vasil'yev // Aktual'nyye problemy rossiyskogo prava. — 2025. — Tom 20. — № 3(172). — S. 52—66. — DOI 10.17803/1994-1471.2025.172.3.052-066. — EDN VJGSAX.
  12. Yevsikov, K. S. K voprosu o konstitutsionno-pravovykh osnovakh grazhdanskogo obshchestva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [On the issue of the constitutional and legal foundations of civil society in the Russian Federation ]/ K. S. Yevsikov, A. A. Spiridonov // Izvestiya Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskiye i yuridicheskiye nauki. — 2017. — № 2-2. — S. 62—69. — EDN ZEVXGF.
  13. Grachev, V. S. Pravo — osnovnoy regulyator vzaimodeystviya gosudarstva i grazhdanskogo obshchestva [Law is the main regulator of interaction between the state and civil society ]/ V. S. Grachev // Zakon i pravo. — 2020. — № 1. — S. 27—28. — DOI 10.24411/2073-3313-2020-10004. — EDN LXAQOK.
  14. Kovalenko, N. Ye. Issledovaniye kategorii «sub"yekt prava» [Study of the category “subject of law”]/ N. Ye. Kovalenko // Sibirskoye yuridicheskoye obozreniye. — 2025. — Tom 22. — № 2. — S. 173—184. — DOI 10.19073/2658-7602-2025-22-2-173-184. — EDN AZNOYQ.
  15. Pravosub"yektnost': obshcheteoreticheskiy, otraslevoy i mezhdunarodnopravovoy analiz : sb. materialov k XII yezhegod. nauch. chteniyam pamyati prof. S. N. Bratusya [Legal personality: general theoretical, sectoral and international legal analysis: collection of materials for the XII annual scientific readings in memory of prof. S. N. Bratus ]/ V. F. Yakovlev, T. YA. Khabriyeva, V. K. Andreyev [i dr.]. — Moskva : In-t zakonodatel'stva i sravnit. pravovedeniya pri Pravitel'stve Rossiyskoy Federatsii : Statut, 2017. S. 21—28.
  16. Gerasimova, N. P. Teoreticheskoye osmysleniye yuridicheskogo litsa kak osobogo sub"yekta [Theoretical understanding of a legal entity as a special subject ]/ N. P. Gerasimova // Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. — 2022. — Tom 22. — № 1. — S. 98—103. — DOI 10.14529/law220115. — EDN XQBIOT.
  17. Eckart Klein. United Nations, Specialized Agencies // Published under the auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law / https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e562?rskey=28T06y&result=1&prd=MPIL (date of excess: October, 21, 2025).
  18. Popova, Ye. S. Osobennosti yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti sub"yektov publichnogo prava [Features of legal liability of subjects of public law ]/ Ye. S. Popova // Aktual'nyye voprosy razvitiya gosudarstvennosti i publichnogo prava : materialy XI mezhdunarodnoy nauchno— prakticheskoy konferentsii, Sankt-Peterburg, 24 aprelya 2025 goda. — Sankt-Peterburg : Vserossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet yustitsii (RPA Minyusta Rossii), 2025. — EDN CNLTHN.
  19. Dikivskiy, O. A. Sub"yekt prava v sovremennoy yuridicheskoy doktrine [Subject of law in modern legal doctrine ]/ O. A. Dikivskiy // Obrazovaniye i pravo. — 2023. — № 8. — S. 480—483. — DOI 10.24412/2076-1503-2023-8-480-483. — EDN ZHNKDH.
  20. Rossinskiy, B. V. Sub"yekty publichnoy vlasti i sub"yekty publichnogo upravleniya [Public authorities and public administration entities ]/ B. V. Rossinskiy // Aktual'nyye problemy administrativnogo i administrativno-protsessual'nogo prava (Sorokinskiye chteniya) : Sbornik statey po materialam mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, Sankt-Peterburg, 21 marta 2025 g. — Sankt-Peterburg : Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet MVD Rossii, 2025. — EDN MHVTTT.
  21. Kurakin, A. V. Sub"yekty publichno-pravovogo regulirovaniya: funktsional'nyye i pravoprimenitel'nyye problemy [Public law regulation entities: functional and law enforcement issues ]/ A. V. Kurakin, D. V. Karpukhin // Vestnik Vserossiyskogo instituta povysheniya kvalifikatsii sotrudnikov Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii. — 2018. — № 1(45). — S. 85—94. — EDN XMHKDZ.
  22. Lavrenyuk, A. V. Sub"yekty publichnogo prava: teoretiko-pravovoye issledovaniye [Public law entities: theoretical and legal research]: dis. … kand. yurid nauk / A. V. Lavrenyuk. — Moskva, 2007. — EDN NOSGZN.
  23. Milova, Ye. A. Voprosy evolyutsii predstavleniy o sub"yektakh publichnogo prava v yuridicheskoy nauke [Issues of the evolution of concepts about public law entities in legal science ]/ Ye. A. Milova // Pravo i gosudarstvo: teoriya i praktika. — 2010. — № 9(69). — S. 10—14. — EDN MWIKUH.
  24. Gir'ko, S. I. Sistema sub"yektov publichnogo administrirovaniya v sfere transportnoy bezopasnosti v usloviyakh tsifrovoy transformatsii (federal'nyy uroven') [The system of public administration entities in the sphere of transport security in the context of digital transformation (federal level) ]/ S. I. Gir'ko, A. M. Voronov, A. V. Mazein // Transportnoye pravo i bezopasnost'. — 2023. — № 4(48). — S. 90—103. — EDN CFMEYN.
  25. Zaykova, S. N. Sub"yekty publichnogo upravleniya v oblasti obespecheniya transportnoy bezopasnosti na zheleznodorozhnom transporte [Public administration entities in the field of transport security on railway transport ]/ S. N. Zaykova // Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. — 2023. — № 3(54). — S. 155—163. — DOI 10.17308/law/1995-5502/2023/3/155-163. — EDN LHVCAI.

Download article: PDF file

For citation: copy to clipboard

Klyuev V.V. Subjects of public maritime law// Transport law and security. 2025; (4(56)):105―119.

Другие статьи автора или выпуска: