UDK: 340.113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-04

Maksim Al. Uvarov - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the experimental legal regime for the operation of unmanned aerial systems in the Russian Federation and substantiated its classification as a special administrative and legal regime. The relevance of this topic is determined by the rapid development of unmanned aviation, the expansion of its practical applications, and the inadequacy of some traditional regulatory frameworks for the application of new technologies. The subjects of the current study were doctrinal approaches to the concept of legal regime, administrative and legal regime, the norms of air legislation governing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the provisions of legislation on experimental legal regimes in the field of digital innovation. The purpose of the current study was to determine the legal nature of the experimental regime, identify its characteristics, and establish its place within the system of general and specific regulation of unmanned aviation. The methodological basis of the study was formed by formal legal, systemic, comparative legal, and doctrinal methods. As a result, there has been established that the experimental legal regime has a special regulatory purpose, is limited in time, territory and range of subjects, is based on a special combination of permissions, prohibitions, obligations and guarantees, is implemented through public administration procedures and is accompanied by state control. There has been demonstrated that this regime does not replace general aviation legislation, but rather serves as a form of adaptive rulemaking, ensuring the legal testing of new technological solutions under controlled conditions. There has been concluded that the results of experimental regulation should be used to refine the conceptual framework, define liability limits, and subsequently improve the regulatory model for the use of unmanned aerial systems.

UDK: 340.136:656

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-03

Evgeny Al. Nesterov - Candidate of Law, Head of the Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Artem G. Repiev - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Legal Theory, Civil Law and Civil Procedure of the Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Stanislav Ev. Shvagerus - expert at the Research center for digital transport legislation, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the issues of law enforcement under Part 5 of Article 14.1.2 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses in relation to taxi calling services in the context of the transport industry digitalization. There has been analyzed the regulatory framework governing the dissemination of information on the transportation of passengers and baggage by car, including the provisions of Federal Laws No. 580-FZ of December 29, 2022 “On the Organization of the Transportation of Passengers and Baggage by Taxis in the Russian Federation” and No. 149-FZ of July 27, 2006 “On Information, Information Technologies and the Protection of Information”, as well as by-laws. Particular attention has been paid to the doctrinal interpretation of the administrative offense, the distinction between the concepts of “provision” and “dissemination” of information in the digital environment, and the distribution of powers between federal and regional government control bodies. Based on an analysis of judicial practice and clarifications from federal executive bodies, there have been formulated evidence-based conclusions on the necessity to clarify legislative criteria for the legality of aggregators’ activities, eliminate conflicts between transport and information legislation, and improve regulatory and control mechanisms. The study results can be practically implied to improve rulemaking, harmonizing law enforcement practices, and ensuring a balance between public and private interests in the field of digital transport services.

UDK: 342.9:656

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-02

Maksim V. Lavrukhin - Expert Council Member of the State Duma Committee on Energy, Murmansk, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the state of the transportation security services market, which is undergoing a period of institutional transformation. Based on an analysis of law enforcement practices and open sources, there has been identified a persistent trend toward criminalization of the industry, manifested in an increase in economic and corruption-related crimes among accredited transportation security units (TSUs). Particular attention has been paid to the problem of doing business without valid accreditation and fraudulent activity in the execution of government contracts. There has been presented an analysis of the results of a sociological survey of ordinary TSUs’ employees, allowing assessing their socio-professional status, job satisfaction, and motivational expectations. There has been established a significant gap between employees’ high level of awareness of the importance of their mission and low satisfaction with financial incentives. The final section of the paper contains a proposal of a comprehensive approach to improving the market, from measures to decriminalize and eliminate unscrupulous participants to the implementation of a non-financial incentive system.

UDK: 34.07

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-01

Mariya An. Bazhina - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Entrepreneurial Law Department named after V.S. Yakushev, Ural State Law University named after V.F. Yakovlev, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Elena V. Titova - Doctor of Law, Professor, Director of the Law Institute, Head of the Constitutional and Administrative Law Department, South Ural State University (National Research University), Chelyabinsk, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the legal regulation of personal mobility devices (PMDs), using electric scooters as an example. There has been highlighted the necessity to improve the legal regulation of PMDs, taking into account existing provisions governing their use. There have been identified and analyzed in detail the current state of regulatory framework for the operation of PMDs, namely the concept, the lack of infrastructure for the safe operation of PMDs, comprehensive technical regulation of the production and operation of PMDs, and the state registration of these devices. There have been proposed to solve this situation by amending current legislation, establishing clear definitions as the basis for legal regulation, and regulating the rules for the operation of PMDs.