UDK: 340.1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-14

Inara D. Yagofarova - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Ural State University of Economics, Senior Researcher, Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Ekaterinburg Moscow, Russia

Oksana An. Kolotkina - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Ural State University of Economics, Senior Researcher, Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Ekaterinburg Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has substantiated a conceptual approach in which personal security is a system-forming factor and a target determinant for public security enforcement. Based on an analysis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Security”, National Security Strategy - 2021, and the repealed Public Security Concept - 2013, there has been demonstrated that the constitutional imperative of the supreme value of human rights predetermines the anthropological vector of development of the entire national security system. There has been revealed a contradiction between the declared protection of individual interests and the persistence of state-oriented tools for assessing performance. There has been substantiated the necessity for an integrated indicator, a “human security index”, which combine objective data (crime rates, victimization) and subjective indicators (feeling of security, trust in law enforcement).

The current paper has been prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 342.5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-13

Timofey T. Pronin - Security Problems Studies Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the functioning of the Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs of the Russian Federation and the executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation vested with powers in the state national policy, including those related to enforcing regional security in the Russian Federation. There have been identified organizational and legal issues that could negatively affect the implementation of state national policy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special attention has been given to the issue of consolidating the powers of executive bodies related to the prevention of extremism. There have been proposed several organizational and legal measures to address the identified issues by clarifying the competencies of executive bodies in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and by amending the system of territorial bodies of the Federal Agency for Nationalities Affairs of Russia.

The current paper has been prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 341.01

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-12

Denis V. Iroshnikov - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Legal Support of National Security, Law, and Law and Order at the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Chief Researcher, Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented a development of the conceptual framework for the legal regulation of deradicalization in the Russian Federation. There has been examined the relationship between key concepts in the field of deradicalization, distinguishing between the process of deradicalization and countering the ideology of terrorism and extremism. The scientific community has been presented with the goals, principles, types, subjects, and objects of deradicalization, as well as a list of relevant organizational and legal measures.

The current paper has been prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 351.74

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-11

Ivan V. Gusaim - Researcher of the Security Problems Studies Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The relevance of the current paper is in the transformation of public security threats, including the rise of IT crime, the risks associated with holding mass events, and the necessity to follow citizens’ constitutional rights amid expanding police powers. The problem of the study is the lack of a systematic analysis of this mechanism as a holistic constitutional and legal framework. The methodology was based on formal legal, comparative legal, and statistical methods. The results include the author’s definition of the constitutional and legal mechanism, an analysis of the powers of internal affairs agencies, the identification of systemic problems in practical implementation, and the development of proposals for their resolution. The conclusions have highlighted the necessity to adopt a new concept of public security, enshrine key concepts in law, digitalize the activities of internal affairs agencies on a constitutional basis, and strengthen anti-corruption measures. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive constitutional and legal analysis of the mechanism for public security enforcement by the internal affairs agencies, taking into account digital threats and the issue of proportionality of enforcement.

The current paper has been prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.

UDK: 351.74

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-10

Sergey Iv. Gir’ko - Doctor of Law, Professor, Director, Main Researcher, Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Federal State Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. Based on modern approaches to the problems of ensuring national interests and strategic priorities defined by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation regarding the individual qualitative characteristics of a citizen, required by the current socio-political situation in the country, taking into account the international situation, as well as the special military operation conducted by the Russian Federation, international relations associated with numerous attempts to isolate Russia, there has been put forward the hypothesis that a modern citizen of the Russian state should possess a number of personal characteristics that are formed, developed, strengthened, or neutralized during the process of his upbringing and education. At the same time, state policy on the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, projected onto the processes of education and training, is largely implemented by educational organizations, which is confirmed by relevant legislative decisions aimed at the formation of a harmonious and socially responsible personality of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the current study is in the fact that in the current realities of the Russian Federation, with the intensification of hostile external and internal actions and intentions towards the state, and the growth of challenges and threats to national security, maintaining the stability of the state and its development, strengthening interethnic solidarity becomes possible by strengthening the personal characteristics of the citizens, and on this basis the formation of the personality of a modern citizen, in demand by society and the state. The clarity and adequacy of legal support for these strategic priorities directly impacts the effectiveness of actors’ actions to neutralize various types of harmful factors and the selection of specific means of neutralizing them, depending on the nature of the challenges and threats themselves. One of such directions is the development of a citizen with specific personal qualities reflected in legal acts. The purpose of the study was to analyze the state of legal regulation and content of such national strategic priorities as enforcing national and public security, a set of national interests that form the priority task of educational organizations of various levels and society, that is the education of a harmonious personality, the formation of a modern citizen of Russia who meets the required and regulated criteria. Based on the conducted study, there has been concluded that Russian legislation and presidential decrees contain specific personal characteristics that are relevant to the current realities of society and the state, and which a Russian citizen must meet. These personal qualities can be formed through upbringing and education. At the same time, personal qualities that meet these criteria must be strengthened, while those that conflict with them must be corrected during the educational process and within an adequate educational environment at educational institutions. These tasks are specified for education authorities and assigned to teachers by Russian legislation.

UDK: 811:342

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-09

Kirill V. Alekseev - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Literature and Journalism, Faculty of Russian Philology and National Culture, Ryazan State University named after S. Yesenin, Senior Researcher of the Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Ryazan, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the use of the concept of “personal security” in security-related legislation and strategic development documents, taking into account its ambiguity, owing to the polysemy of the concept of “personality”. The purpose of the study was to propose a broad and narrow understanding of the concept of “personal security”. In a broad sense, “personal security” should be understood as the state of protection of an individual as an integral part of society. In a narrow sense, “personal security” represents the state of protection of an individual as a biological species, a unique individual. The word “personality” also has an intermediate meaning, connected with a person’s special status. The study has determined that the Russian Constitution, other legislative acts, and strategic planning documents dealing with security issues use the concept of “personal security” in both a broad and narrow sense. At the same time, the authors of the documents often replace the word “personality” with synonyms, including “citizen”, “other people”, “population”, “residents”, “generation”, etc. The structure of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has been studied separately from the perspective of the problem posed. On the one hand, it separates the concepts of personal security and public security, while on the other, it presents certain contradictions.

The current paper has been prepared as part of the implementation of the state assignment “Comprehensive study of public security issues as a strategic priority of national security of the Russian Federation (FFFZ-2025-0001)”.