UDK: 347.79; 656.615

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30932/2500-1868-2026-58-2-07

Elmira N. Kharina - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper is devoted to the criminal classification of crimes against transport security in the context of digitalization of transport infrastructure. There has been noted that the introduction of automated traffic management systems, digital transportation platforms, navigation systems, and highly automated and unmanned transport technologies has significantly changed the nature of transport security threats. At present, illegal attacks on the transportation system are increasingly being carried out through interference in the operation of information systems that manage transportation processes, transmit data, and coordinate traffic. The paper has analyzed the most common digital threats to transportation security, including cyberattacks on traffic management systems, remote interference with vehicle operation, interference with navigation systems and digital communication channels, and the risks associated with the operation of autonomous vehicles. There has been emphasized that such acts often affect both transport security and computer information protection, creating difficulties in determining the object of criminal and legal protection and distinguishing between the provisions of Chapters 27 and 28 of the Russian Criminal Code. Particular attention has been paid to the special aspects of the objective part of crimes committed through digital interference with transportation infrastructure, as well as the challenges of establishing a causal link between interference with automated systems and the resulting consequences. There has been considered the definition of a perpetrator of a crime, a form of guilt, and a distribution of liability among a transport system operator, a vehicle owner, and a software developer when using artificial intelligence and unmanned transport technologies. There has been concluded that current criminal legislation does not fully address the specifics of the digital transport environment, necessitating further improvements to criminal and legal protection mechanisms for transport security.

Keywords: digital infrastructure; automated control systems; unmanned transport; digital environment.

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Kharina E.N. Transport security in the digital environment: challenges of criminal and legal qualification // Transport law and security. 2026; (2(58)):85―95.