Статьи номера | Issue №57

Articles of the journal issue №1 (57) (1st quarter of 2026)

All articles in PDF

Aleksey M. Voronov. Public safety and security: some theoretical and legal concepts

UDK: 342.6

Aleksey M. Voronov - Doctor of Law, Professor, Chief Researcher, Security Problems Studies Center of RAS, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. There is no consensus among scholars on the definition of “public safety and security”. The legal interpretation of the concept of “public safety and security” is provided in the Concept of Public Safety in the Russian Federation, approved by the President of the Russian Federation in November 2013. Clause 4 defines public safety and security as “the state of protection of individuals and citizens, the material and spiritual assets of society from criminal and other unlawful attacks, social and interethnic conflicts, as well as from natural and man-made emergencies”. The author’s approach to the interpretation of this concept, which consists of moving away from the understanding of “safety and security” as a “state of protection from danger”, assumes such a relationship between the phenomena under consideration, in which they do not exclude each other, but within the framework of interaction they exert mutual influence and pressure on each other. This interaction of positive and negative trends within a social system inevitably results in its dynamic change and development, as emerging threats lead to the refinement of the protective mechanism, while the system's countermeasures, in turn, to a certain extent, determine the prevention of threats. We don’t guard or protect safety and security; we ensure it. We ensure the safety of existence and the sustainable, progressive development of individuals, society, and the state, and the category of “ensuring” is quite comprehensive and multifaceted.

Статья целиком →

Nataliya K. Titova. Behavioral profiling as a method for identifying criminals at transport facilities

UDK: 351.746.5

Nataliya K. Titova - Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented a comprehensive study of the theoretical and applied aspects of behavioral profiling as a key instrument for preventative enforcement of transport security in the context of globalized terrorist and other criminal threats. The work is of great relevance due to the paradigm shift from reactive, technology-oriented security models to proactive, human-centered systems focused on the early detection of criminal intent. There has been revealed the essence of behavioral profiling as an interdisciplinary technology that integrates the analysis of a person’s verbal, nonverbal, and psychophysiological patterns. The study has thoroughly structured the methodological foundations of profiling, operationalized a set of key indicators of suspicious behavior, and analyzed the specifics of applying this method to neutralize suicidal terrorism, as one of the most dangerous threats. Particular attention has been paid to the synergistic effect of integrating behavioral analysis with hardware and software monitoring tools, developing a multi-level security system. Based on the analysis, there has been concluded about high operational and preventative efficiency of behavioral profiling and outlined such conditions for its successful implementation, as the necessity for extensive professional training of staff (profilers) and the development of clear legal and ethical protocols to prevent discrimination and uphold citizens’ rights. The current paper is of great importance for the development of applied criminology and transport security theory.

Статья целиком →

Aleksandr S. Parshakov. On some aspects of legal regulation to prevent the offences related to enforcing security on military transport

UDK: 355.243

Aleksandr S. Parshakov - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered several aspects of legal regulation of road safety, including the driving and operation of combat, special-purpose, and transport vehicles. To improve the combat effectiveness and readiness of troops, there has been proposed amendments and additions to current regulatory legal acts, as all legal acts of the Russian Ministry of Defense in this area are categorized according to types and branches of the Armed Forces of RF. For uniform and accurate application of these documents, it is necessary to codify them or organize them into a single local act. Moreover, some of the abovementioned legal acts have been in effect for several decades and require improvement due to current situation. There has been also established that the problematic issue of classifying military transport crimes committed during wartime remains unresolved. In the context of a special military operation, the process of developing wartime criminal legislation should be completed, covering liability for abandoning a sinking warship, violating driving or operating rules of vehicles, violating flight rules or preparation for them, and violating navigation rules. This should be accomplished by introducing the qualifying element “during periods of mobilization or martial law, during wartime, or in conditions of armed conflict or combat operations” into the relevant articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Статья целиком →

Viktoriya An. Nikulina. Legal aspects of control and supervision in joint-stock companies with predominant state participation

UDK: 340.132

Viktoriya An. Nikulina - Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has provided a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects of control and supervision in joint-stock companies with predominant state participation, using the example of the open joint-stock company “Russian Railways”. The study is based on an examination of the regulatory framework, including the Federal Laws “On Joint-Stock Companies” and “On Railway Transport in the Russian Federation”, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, and internal regulatory documents of JSC Russian Railways. There has been considered the multi-level structure of control bodies, including internal governance bodies (the general meeting of shareholders, the board of directors, the audit commission, and internal audit), external audit bodies, and state supervisory bodies (Rostransnadzor, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia). There have been also analyzed the legal mechanisms for protecting the interests of the state as the primary shareholder, including the requirement to approve major transactions, the preemptive right to acquire shares, and the establishment of limits on remuneration of officials. The conducted analysis has revealed the key legal problems with the control and supervision system at JSC “Russian Railways”, such as duplication of functions among various control bodies, insufficient independence of control bodies from the executive body, lack of effective coordination between internal control bodies and state supervisory bodies, the absence of a unified methodological framework for conducting control activities, and limited access of control bodies to information. There has been proposed a set of recommendations to improve the control and supervision system, including a clear delineation of the competencies of control bodies, to strengthen their independence by establishing criteria for director independence, to develop coordination mechanisms between internal control and state supervisory bodies, to develop uniform methodological recommendations, and define clear limits on access to information. There has been recommended to strengthen the application of international corporate governance standards and OECD recommendations for state-owned enterprise management. The practical significance of the current work is that the proposed recommendations can be used to improve the systems of control and supervision in other state-owned joint-stock companies and to develop regulatory legal acts governing the management of state property. Its theoretical significance is in its contribution to the development of legal science in the field of corporate law and the legal regulation of state-owned enterprises.

Статья целиком →

Evgeny Al. Nesterov, Nikolay M. Kozhukhanov, Artem G. Repiev. Formation of an approach to the transport legislation amendments due to the entry into force of certain provisions of the Federal Law of March 20, 2025, No. 33-FZ “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in a Unified System of Public Authority” on January 1, 2027

UDK: 347.4

Evgeny Al. Nesterov - Candidate of Law, Head of the Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Nikolay M. Kozhukhanov - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Transport Law, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Artem G. Repiev - Doctor of Law, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Legal Theory, Civil Law and Civil Procedure, Law Institute, Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented a systematic legal analysis of transport legislation that requires adjustment due to the entry into force certain provisions of the Federal Law of March 20, 2025, No. 33-FZ “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in a Unified System of Public Authority” on January 1, 2027. Based on methods of systematization, deduction, and the formal legal method, using the rules of legal technique as well, there have been developed model solutions for amending the provisions of individual transport laws that are directly related to the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in a Unified System of Public Authority”. This approach to transport legislation amendments can be applied to amending a wide range of regulations governing transport and municipal legal relations.

Статья целиком →

Oleg V. Lavrishchev. Legal regulation of air transport at the regional level: on the example of the Donetsk People’s Republic

UDK: 347.8

Oleg V. Lavrishchev - Lawyer, Department of Economic Security Research, Economic Research Institute, Donetsk, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has presented the analysis of airport infrastructure and the regulatory framework for air transportation before the formation of the DPR, during the period of its independence as a separate state, and after its incorporation into the Russian Federation as a region. There have been made the proposals to improve the regulatory framework governing relations in the field of small and regional aviation.

Статья целиком →

Evgeny V. Ismakov. Legal aspects of using “black boxes” in autonomous vehicles: problems and prospects in the Russian legislation

UDK: 623.746.4-519

Evgeny V. Ismakov - Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the legal issues related to the use of on-board flight data recorders (“black boxes”) in autonomous vehicles. The emergence of such vehicles on Russian roads occurs despite the insufficient regulation regarding the status of recording systems, which plays a key role in establishing the facts and those responsible in road accidents. The primary purpose of the study was to identify contradictions and gaps in Russian regulations regarding “black boxes” and propose ways to formalize them. There have been used the methods of systemic and dogmatic analysis of legal acts, as well as comparisons with approaches adopted in the European Union, Germany, China, and the United States. The results have revealed that Russia lacks uniform technical standards for such devices, their recordings have no clear evidentiary status in legal proceedings, and there is a poor data protection from unauthorized access. As a new approach, there has been substantiated the necessity to make “black box” data the primary evidence in investigating accidents involving autonomous vehicles. The key conclusions include proposals to mandatorily equip highly autonomous vehicles with “black boxes”, work out a domestic GOST standard, codify rules for the use of recordings in the Russian CPC and the CAO, and establish manufacturers’ liability in case of a proven technical failure. Implementation of these measures will make investigation more objective and enhance safety and public trust in autonomous vehicle technologies.

Статья целиком →

Egor S. Dudin. Legal regulation of control and supervisory activities over the transportation of military cargo as a type of strategic cargo

UDK: 656.025

Egor S. Dudin - legal adviser, JSC AITOEPPN “Daltekhenergo”, Moscow, Russia

Abstract. The current paper has considered the legal aspects of control and supervisory activities of the government over the transportation of military cargo as a type of strategic cargo. There has been highlighted the interactions between the Russian Ministry of Transport, Rostransnadzor, the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, and other public authorities in controlling (supervision) the transportation of military cargo, including within the framework of state defense procurement. There have been studied theoretical approaches to defining the legal concept of military cargo transportation as strategic cargo under special control (supervision) by public authorities. There have been analyzed current issues in the legal regulation of military transportation and proposed measures to improve legal regulation in this area.

Статья целиком →