UDK: 346.7+656.01

Viktoriya Al. Kavyrshina - Candidate of Economic Sciences, senior researcher of the Department of Economic Security Issues’ Study, Economic Research Institute, Donetsk, Russia

Abstract. The current work is of great relevance as there is a lack of sufficient structuring of the theory of security in modern Russian science. The purpose was to study the state of normative legal regulation of transport complex security, the logic of its formation, its placement in the system of economic security, as well as identification of the essence of economic security associated with the transport sector. The current paper has analyzed the definitions of various types of security used in the practice of normative legal regulation of security, as well as attempts to systematize them. The analysis has shown that legislative and other normative legal regulation is developing in the directions of existing threats. There is no protection against economic threats in the sphere of transport complex regulation. In order to solve problems of economic security, there have been used strategies and forecasts of socio-economic development, state programs. In the current Strategy of Economic Security of the Russian Federation, there are no specific indicators of the state of economic security for transport. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that at the current stage of development, the understanding of the essence of economic security is still being formed, and that the key concept is “sustainable development” of the country and its regions. Economic security enforcement is associated with the development of an effective mechanism that ensures timely recognition of threats to sustainable economic development, prevention of dangerous conditions or minimization of consequences. There has been concluded that it is advisable to develop a system to counteract economic threats associated with the functioning of transport, for which purpose there has been introduced the concept of “economic security in the transport sector”. There have been defined the threats to economic security in the transport sector. The goal of economic security management in the transport sector is to ensure uninterrupted supply of the economy with the necessary volume of resources requiring transferring at the lowest possible rates. There have been developed the main elements of the mechanism for enforcing economic security in the transport sector. They can become the basis for specialized normative and legal regulation.

UDK: 351.74

Sergey Iv. Gir’ko - Doctor of Law, professor, Head, Main Researcher, Security Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, honored scientist of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

Aleksandr Al. Dolgopolov - Doctor of Law, associate professor, Professor of the Criminal law Department, Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russia

Abstract. In the current paper there have been hypothetically formed the most relevant areas of ensuring national security from the authors’ point of view, based on modern approaches to the problems of ensuring national interests, strategic priorities defined by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation and the practice of covering in special sources priority areas of scientific research that specify and reveal the deep content of national priorities. There have been highlighted such issues as problems of legal regulation of state, public and transport security, the situation with the education of a harmonious personality of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the problem is in the fact that in the current realities of the Russian Federation, the intensification of hostile actions and intentions towards the state from external and internal forces, the growth of challenges and threats to national security, state security enforcement represents confrontation with external factors, as well as public security, namely the neutralization of internal challenges and threats. The clarity and sufficiency of the legal support for the named strategic priorities has a direct impact on the efficiency of the actions of entities to neutralize harmful factors, the choice of specific means of their neutralization depending on the nature of the challenges and threats themselves. The purpose of the current study was to analyze, within the scope of the paper, the state of legal regulation and provision of such national strategic priorities as enforcing state security and ensuring public safety, transport security, a set of national interests that together form the priority task of state bodies and society as a whole, namely the education of a harmonious personality, the formation of a modern citizen of Russia, the required criteria that it must meet. Based on the conducted research, there has been concluded that state security, as a strategic national priority, neither in Soviet times had nor in modern Russia has legal regulation in the legislation of the RF, which creates obstacles to the perception of the said legal institution. Public safety, on the contrary, until 2020 had a basic legal act of the President of the RF, the Concept of Public Safety of the Russian Federation, which has lost its legal force, and transport security has had a special federal law that needs to be specified. At present, it is also necessary to develop a legislative act that enshrines the basic legal provisions of public safety as a legal institution and regulates the main state approaches to its regulation. The same legislative act may reflect the “basic” problems of transport security, as a state of protection of society and man in the conditions of a multi-aspect transport complex. The named priorities will require efforts of the scientific community to develop modern theoretical problems and legal regulation in legislative acts of the state. The education of a harmonious personality is a priority area defined by the President of Russia, which should also attract active participation of the scientific community and government agencies in order to develop theoretical problems and form legal regulations for comprehensive approaches to solve this problem.