UDK: 343.98

Vladimir Al. Isaev - Candidate of Technical sciences, associate professor, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Elizaveta Ig. Molodykh - Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S. M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Arina S. Polyakova - Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Olga N. Khudyakova - specialist of the Forensics Center, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract. The current paper deals with the analysis of the theoretical prerequisites of railway transport examination (RTE) methods, which represent a specific area of forensics based on the integration of engineering and legal knowledge. There has been considered the importance of forensics in establishing the circumstances of transport accidents, diagnosing the technical condition of rolling stock and infrastructure elements, and identifying cause-and-effect relationships between technical, organizational, and human factors. The primary focus is on the methods applicable to RTE. There has been profoundly analyzed the system approach method, allowing considering rail transport as a complex socio-technical system, where incidents result from the interaction of multiple factors. There have been highlighted the existing problems with systems analysis, such as ambiguity in terminology, the lack of a common understanding of the category “system”, and insufficient consideration of the processing of systems analysis results. There have been presented arguments in favor of standardizing terminology and an interdisciplinary approach. The following analysis has focused on the application of graph theory to solving diagnostic problems in railway engineering, specifically for studying the parametric reliability of complex technical objects and analyzing the performance of rolling stock braking systems. Special attention has been given to the constructive assumption method, which has both historical roots in engineering practice and contemporary significance in assessing the technical condition of railway assets. There has been concluded that the system approach methods, theories of graphs and design assumptions possess high theoretical and practical potential. Their integration into forensic work contributes to improving the quality of RTE, the objectivity of expert opinions, and the overall safe functioning of railway transport.

Keywords: railway transport examination; system approach method; graph theory method; constructive assumption method; parametric reliability; derailment triangle; “Universal Mechanism” program.

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Isaev A.V., Molodykh E.I., Polyakova A.S., Khudyakova O.N. Theoretical prerequisites for the development of methods for railway transport examinations // Transport law and security. 2025; (3(55)):198―208